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E307 + (Kim Sisŭp was poor and unsuccessful but wa … Kim Sisŭp was poor and unsuccessful but was extremely accomplished in his poetry and prose. Sŏ Kŏjŏng once invited him and asked for a poem based on the painting of Grand Duke Jiang angling. Kim immediately composed the following quatrain, 風雨蕭蕭拂釣磯渭川魚鳥以忘機如何老作鷹揚將空使夷齊餓采薇 The winds and rains swish and swoosh, caressing the angling rock.The fishes and birds of the Wei Riverhave freed themselves of worldly concerns.Why did he, in old age, become a general like a soaring eagleand in vain made Boyi and Shuqi to starve and pick ferns? The poem carries a satirical (p’ung) meaning (ŭi). After a long silence, Sŏ said, “Your poem is my indictment.”ce, Sŏ said, “Your poem is my indictment.”)
E082 + (Kim Suon’s writings were robust and simple … Kim Suon’s writings were robust and simple (unghon). Unharnessed, he roamed freely. Modeled after Sima Qian’s works, his writing had no equal in the world. His poetry was also bold and robust (hogŏn), and profound (sim) in essence (kolsu). But by nature, he was nonconformist, and his rhymes were uneven. As a result, it is often said that his poetry was not as good as his prose. But the truth is that he excelled in both poetry and prose. His poem “The Painting of Sima Guang Breaking an Urn” 擊瓮圖 reads, 瓮中天地忽開豁山川品物同昭蘇 The Heaven and Earth inside the urn suddenly opened up.Mountains, rivers, and all thingssprang to life together. His poem “Deep Inside a Mountain Village” 沈中樞山村 reads, 柴門不整臨溪岸山雨朝朝看水生 My lopsided bramble gateoverlooks the stream bank.Mountain rains fall morning after morning,and I watch the waters rise. In addition, his poem “A Poem on the Dragon Palace Terrace” 龍宮軒題詩 reads, 痛飮百杯樓上臥捲簾南北是靑山 I gulp down a hundred gobletsand recline upstairs.Rolling up the blind, to the north and south, all are blue mountains. Also, his poem “Mountain Monastery” 題山寺 reads, 窓虛僧結衲塔靜客題詩 Behind the window lattice, a monk ties his robe.By the tranquil pagoda, a guest writes a poem. All these poems possess a charm (ch’wi) beyond meaning (ŭioe), which is something that ordinary humans cannot achieve.thing that ordinary humans cannot achieve.)
E051 + (Later, Qi Shun 祈順 (15th century), Supervis … Later, Qi Shun 祈順 (15th century), Supervisor at the Ministry of Census (Hubu langzhong), and Zhang Jin 張瑾 (15th century), the envoy, came together. Qi was sincere and gentle. He excelled in poetry and rhapsodies. The king treated him with great generosity. Qi admired the king’s elegant demeanor and called him “a truly heavenly man.” Prince of Sŏnsŏng, No Sasin 盧思愼 (1427–1498), and Prince of Talsŏng, Sŏ Kŏjŏng escorted Qi, and Hong Kwidal 洪貴達 (1438–1504; styled Kyŏmsŏn兼善), Yi Sukkam 李淑瑊 (15th century; styled Ch’agong 次公), and I were appointed temporary officials on standby. Sŏ Kŏjŏng said, “Although Supervisor Qi is good at writing poems, all are preconceived works. If I first write a poem and ask him to match mine with challenging rhymes, he will surely be embarrassed.” On the day of the Han River cruise, we ascended Chech’ŏn Pavilion. Sŏ first composed a few poems and said, “I had been unable to match your excellent rhymes. I hope you can respond to my humble poems.” With a smile, Supervisor Qi glanced at the poems, held a brush, and started writing. His writing needed no corrections. He wrote a couplet like, 百濟地形臨水盡五臺泉脉自天來 Paekche’s terrain overlooks the river.Odae’s fountainhead flows from Heaven. And he also wrote, 倚罷高樓不盡情又携春色泛空明人從竹葉盃中醉舟向楊花渡口橫 Leaning from the tower, the sentiments linger on. Again, I hold in my hand spring colors, letting them waft in the luminous sky.From the Bamboo Leaf Wine,people are getting drunk. Towards the Willow Catkin Ferrythe boat drifts on.He also composed a lyric poem, “River Current” 江之水. From the moment we boarded the boat, throughout the ride, and until we reached Chamdu Peak, he did not stop writing poems. Stunned and disheartened, Prince of Talsŏng put a hat over his head and let out long sighs. Agape and astonished, Kim Suon said, “I did not have [[T044|<span class="keyword topic">acupuncture</span>]] lately. My poetic thoughts (sisa) have dried up (kogal), and that’s why I am having a rough time.” So saying, he could not compose a single line (sa). Everyone had a laugh about it.saying, he could not compose a single line (sa). Everyone had a laugh about it.)
E322 + (Minister Sang Chin composed the following … Minister Sang Chin composed the following recent style verse in a dream during a banquet he hosted at a high tower. 百尺高樓倚半天三行粉黛列華筵前江一帶圍平野遠岫千岑露抹烟時有嬌鶯穿翠柳更無輕燕點朱絃 At a hundred-foot-high tower, leaning in midair,fair ladies in three rows serve up a lavish banquet.A belt of river in front surrounds the plains.A thousand hills in distance are glimpsed through the veil of mists.At times, sweet orioles flutter through green willows.There are no frivolous swallows to stain the crimson strings. Before he could finish the poem, he suddenly awoke, but remembering the words in his dream, he completed the poem with the following lines, 樓居非是幕中客不用金屛在眼邊 The resident of the tower is not a guest inside a tent.There is no use for gold screens to unfurl before his eyes. His exceptional caliber (kiryang) is evident. exceptional caliber (kiryang) is evident.)
E326 + (Minister Sang Chin had two scroll painting … Minister Sang Chin had two scroll paintings, “Painting of Bamboo” 畫竹and “Clearing Rain” 晴雨 by Sin Cham 申潛 (1491–1554; sobriquet Yŏngch’ŏnja [Master Spirit River]). Sang asked Sin Kwanghan and Chŏng Saryong to each write a poem on a painting and to each sent eight-character rhyme scheme. A verse in Sin’s poem reads, 子瞻去後無眞筆與可亡來有此人 After Su Shi was gone, there has been no true calligraphy.Since Wen Tong’s death, we have this man, Sin Cham. A verse in Chŏng’s poem reads, 神移蘇老三生習勢倒文翁萬尺長 Your spirit transferred what Old Su practiced for three lives.Your force overpowered Old Man Wen’s Ten-thousand-foot bamboo. Both presented seven-character poems. They used the same references (yongsa) and meanings (ŭi), but their word arrangement techniques are distinctly different. We can imagine the personal aura (kisang) of the two men in life, but determining who was inherently better is not an easy task.was inherently better is not an easy task.)
E392 + (Minister Yun Ch’unnyŏn had good judgment f … Minister Yun Ch’unnyŏn had good judgment for poetry. Seeing a regulated verse by my father, Yun said, “You must have read High Tang poems, and they must be Du Fu’s.” My father replied, “Yes, I am now dedicated to Du Fu’s poetry.” My father’s poem reads, 渡江緣草徑乘醉宿江城白月千峰照春鵑獨夜鳴水村歸夢罷山郭旅魂驚望帝春心托孤臣再拜情 Crossing the river, through the path of green grass,drunk, I spend the night at Kangsŏng. Bright moon shines on a thousand peaks.Spring cuckoo cries alone at night.In a river hamlet, the dream journey home ends.In a mountain town, my wandering soul is startled. Wangdi entrusted his spring heart to a cuckoo.This lonely official again expresses his heartfelt gratitude. Later, after reading the Tang shi gu chui 唐詩鼓吹 (Fife and Drum Songs of Tang Poetry), my father wrote a poem and showed it to him. Minister Yun said, “This poem has the air (ki) and flavor (mi) of late Tang poetry. It must be the Tang shi gu chui.” Then my father again read Du Fu’s poetry. Minister Yun saw his poem and said, “This again has the sound and rhythm of High Tang. You must have read Du Fu’s poetry.” His judgments were all right, and my father greatly respected him. Then he presented my father with the following poem, 欲詣詩門試一聽功夫著處自生靈靑天日月昭昭影大地山河歷歷形春風和融陶萬物波濤洶湧起滄溟留名萬古非難事舉世沉冥也獨醒 If you wish to enter the gate of poetry, please try to listen.Wherever you put effort in, spirit will naturally be born.In the blue sky, sun and moon have glowing reflections.On the vast land, mountains and rivers have distinct shapes. Spring breezes gently blend in, molding myriad things.Tidal waves surge with a roar, rousing the blue sea. Leaving your name behind for ten thousand years is not a difficult thing.The whole world is in deep darkness. Stay awake alone.rld is in deep darkness. Stay awake alone.)
E071 + (Monk Manu 萬雨 (b. 1357) was a leading disci … Monk Manu 萬雨 (b. 1357) was a leading disciple of Hwanam 幻庵 (1320–1392). From childhood, he devoted himself to studying, leaving no inner and outer canons left unprobed. He meticulously investigated their meanings. He was also skilled in composing poetry. His poetic thoughts (sisa) were exceptionally pure (ch’ŏngjŏl). He exchanged poems with Yi Saek and Yi Sungin 李崇仁 (1347–1392; sobriquet Toŭn [Potter Recluse]). Because the present dynasty does not uphold Buddhist teachings, children from influential families were unable to enter the Buddhist order. However, as Manu’s fame spread, scholars from far and wide gathered around him like clouds. Even the scholars of the Hall of Worthies (Chiphyŏnjŏn) sought his advice, sitting at his feet. Seeing how he brought together Confucians, Buddhists, and forest of scholars alike, all people admired him.My eldest and second eldest brothers used to study at Hoeam Monastery. When they saw Master Manu, he was over ninety years old. His appearance was clear and thin, and his vigor and body were still strong. Sometimes he would go without eating for two days, yet he felt no hunger. When food was presented to him food, he could consume several bowls, yet he showed no signs of being full. And for a few days, he did not use the toilet. He always sat upright in an empty room with just a lamp and a desk. He perused books all through the night and meticulously studying every word, no matter how small. Every single word became an object of his investigation. He never succumbed to sleep or lay down. He kept away from people and did not allow anyone to be near him. To summon a person, he would strike a small gong. When the disciples responded to it, he never called them in a loud voice. When the Japanese emissary, Monk Bunkei 文溪 (15th century), requested poems from several dozens of officials, Master Manu also responded to the court’s order and composed the following poem. 水國古精社灑然無位人火馳應自息柴立更誰親楓岳雲生屨盆城月滿闉風帆海天闊梅柳故園春 From an ancient monastery in the land of watercomes a carefree man without an office.Blazing gallops shall come to rest.Standing tall like a tree, who could be your friend?At the P’ungak Mountains, clouds rise under the straw sandals. At Punsŏng, the moon fills the city gate.Your sail rides the wind into the vast ocean and sky.Plum blossoms and willows, my old garden is in spring. Pyŏn Kyeryang, judging in the capacity of the Director of the Office of Degrees, changed the line “a carefree man without an office” from Manu’s poem to “a solitary man separated from the world” 蕭然絶世人. In response, the master said, “Official Pyŏn truly knows nothing about poetry. How is ‘solitary’ as good as ‘carefree’ and ‘separated from the world’ as good as ‘without an office’? These changes destroy the poem’s spontaneous (chayŏn) and uncontrived (muwi) charm (ch’wi)!” Every time he met scholars, he felt greatly disappointed. His literary collection, Ch’ŏnbong chip 千峯集 (Collected Works of Ch’ŏnbong), circulates in the world.ks of Ch’ŏnbong), circulates in the world.)
E390 + (My eldest brother Ch’a Ŭllo車殷輅 (1540–1556) … My eldest brother Ch’a Ŭllo車殷輅 (1540–1556) could write composition at age five and was known as a child prodigy. Minister Han Tu 韓㞳 (1501–1558) was Governor (yusu) of Kaesŏng, and at the time my father had returned home after being relieved from the position as a Lecturer at the National Academy (chikkang). My eldest brother, who was just nine years old, by chance threw a roof tile and it mistakenly dropped on a neighbor’s urn. Not knowing who my brother was, the neighbor said inappropriate words. When my brother heard them, he narrated the detailed account in writing to present to the governor. When the governor saw a handsome boy entering the court and upon learning that he was a son of a Lecturer at the National Academy, he allowed my brother to come forward. “Can you write poems?,” the governor asked. “I can only arrange rhymes,” my brother replied. It was a time of severe drought, so the governor commanded him to write a poem on “Worrying over the Drought” 悶旱 and chose “sky” 天 as a rhyme word. My brother responded in a loud voice, 雲霓空蔽天 There is no rainbow in the sheltering sky. Then the governor chose “field” 田 as a rhyme word. My brother replied, 龜背拆乾田 Tortoise shells crack open in the sun-scorched field. Again, the governor chose “year” as a rhyme word, and immediately he responded, 魯國焚巫日成湯剪爪年 This is the day the State of Lu burned their shaman.This is the year King Tang of Shang clipped his nails. The governor applauded and praised my brother. At first, he wanted to have my brother compose with four rhymes, then he stopped, probably not wishing to make him reveal his talent. The governor offered my brother sweets and food as well as paper, brush, and ink, then flogged the neighbor. Later, Governor Han told my father, “Your son has exceptionally rare talent. You must hide it. Please don’t ask him to write poems and show them to everyone. I shall give my granddaughter in marriage to him.”give my granddaughter in marriage to him.”)
E019 + (Old Master Tonyu 敦裕 (13th century), the ab … Old Master Tonyu 敦裕 (13th century), the abbot of Sŏbaek Monastery, sent me two poems. His messenger hurried me for a response upon arrival, so I hastily composed the following poems in reply, 不是皇恩雨露疏煙霞高想自居幽須知紫闥催徵召休憐靑山久滯留遁世眞人甘屛跡趍時新進競昂頭衆王何日來騰踏狐鼠餘腥掃地收 It wasn’t because the rains and dews of the kingshowered sparsely on you. Loving the twilight mists and rose clouds, you chose to dwell in seclusion. Remember! The Purple Palace will soon summon you.So don’t love the blue mountains and linger there for too long.The enlightened ones, who have left the world, gladly conceal their traces.The ambitious, seizing the opportune time,thrust their heads forward in competition.When will the King of All come galloping, trampling so the stench of foxes and ratsbe cleared from the world? 莫道長安鯉信疏俗音那到水雲幽巖堂煙月棲身穩京輦風塵戀祿留道韻想君風入骨宦遊憐我雪蒙頭掛冠何日攀高躅六尺殘骸老可收 Please don’t say the letters from Chang’an are few. How could worldly sounds reach the rivers and clouds so deep!In a grotto, under the iridescent moon,you have settled, serene and secure,while I remain in the capital of dusty winds,for the love of government stipend.I miss you, who resonate the Way,like the wind penetrating the bones.And I pity myself, a traveler of officialdom,with head white as snow. When will I hang up my official cap and pursue the lofty path?A six-foot failing body ,I can collect it in when I am old. I also composed another poem to to express gratitude for the gift of candles. 東海孤雲十世孫文章猶有祖風存兩條金燭兼詩貺詩足淸心燭破昏 A tenth generation descendent of Solitary Cloud of the East Sea. In your writings, you still carrythe air of your ancestor.Two sticks of golden candles and a poem you gifted me. The poem to cleanse my heart, the candles to break the dark.In his reply, the abbot wrote, “Fearing that your poems might fall into oblivion, I carved a plaque of your verses and hung it on the wall, granting them a long life.”t on the wall, granting them a long life.”)
E020 + (One night, in a dream, someone handed me a … One night, in a dream, someone handed me a small bottle-shaped water dropper made of green jade. When tapped, it emitted a delicate sound. It had a round bottom, a pointed top, and two miniscule holes. When I looked again, however, the holes had disappeared. I woke up with a strange feeling and wrote a poem to interpret the dream. 夢中得玉甁綠瑩光鑑地扣之鏗有聲緻潤宜貯水剩將添硯波快作詩千紙神物喜幻化天工好兒戲脗然飜閉口不受一滴沘有如仙石開罅縫流靑髓須臾復堅合不許人容指混沌得七竅七日乃見死怒風號衆穴萬擾從此起鑽瓠憂屈轂穿珠厄夫子凡物貴其全瓠鑿反爲累形全與神全要問漆園吏 In a dream I received a jade bottle,its green radiance reflecting on the ground.When tapped, it produced a resounding sound,delicate and smooth, suitable for holding water. I’ll use it replenish an inkstone,and swiftly compose poems on a thousand sheets of paper. This enchanted object revels in transformations.A creation of Heaven, embracing child’s play.The bottle opened wide, then abruptly sealed shut. Now it refuses to accept even a single drop of water!It seemed like an immortal’s stone, unsealed,revealing its green marrow within, then in an instant, it closed firmly once again,allowing no room, not even a finger!Hundun received seven orifices,and after seven days, he met his demise. Furious winds howled through the apertures,and from there, myriad troubles arose. Drilling holes in the gourd caused concern for Qugu.Stringing the bead brought distress to Master Confucius.All things are valuable in their wholeness.Piercing the gourd would only destroy it. To understand the wholeness of form and spirit,ask the official in the Lacquer Garden.it,ask the official in the Lacquer Garden.)
E034 + (Orator (<i>taech’uk</i>) O Sej … Orator (<i>taech’uk</i>) O Sejae satirized King Ŭijong’s travel incognito in a poem, reading, </br><div class="poetry-text">[[M059|<span class="fa fa-plus-circle poetry-link-btn"></span>]]How come, on this clear day,<br>dark clouds cover the ground? <br>Citizens of the capital, Don’t come near!<br>For the dragon is moving among us!</div></br>His poem “Halberd Rocks” 戟巖 written to someone’s rhyme reads, </br><div class="poetry-text">[[M060|<span class="fa fa-plus-circle poetry-link-btn"></span>]]The jagged rocks of North Mountain,<br>people call you Halberd Rocks. <br>Towering, you strike the crane riding Prince Jin. <br>Soaring, you pierce the shaman in the sky.<br>Lightning’s fire forged your handles.<br>Frost-like salt whetted your blades. <br>Shall I wield you as a weapon to conquer Chu and save Fan!</div> </br>His poem “Ailing Eyes” 病目 reads, </br><div class="poetry-text">[[M061|<span class="fa fa-plus-circle poetry-link-btn"></span>]]Old age and illness arrive together.<br>All my life, I’ve lived as an unwaged scholar. <br>Blurring vision has dimmed my eyesight.<br>My pupils have lost their glow. <br>I’m frightful of reading under a lamp<br>and scared of seeing snow’s glare.<br>I will check the exam results in a while, <br>then close my eyes and learn to forget all motive.</div> </br>Yi Kyubo (sobriquet Munsun [Literary Flow]) said that <div class="critique-text">[[C037|<span class="fa fa-plus-circle critique-link-btn"></span>]]O learned poetic styles of Han Yu 韓愈 (768–824) and Du Fu 杜甫 (712–770), but his poems are few in number.</div> </br>The <i>Kim kŏsa chip</i> 金居士集 (Collected Works of Recluse Kim) has one poem by O which reads, </br><div class="poetry-text">[[M062|<span class="fa fa-plus-circle poetry-link-btn"></span>]]A hundred-span round timber, is useful because it’s useless. <br>A three-foot long beak speaks without speaking.</div> </br><div class="critique-text">[[C038|<span class="fa fa-plus-circle critique-link-btn"></span>]]His seasoned robustness (<i>nogŏn</i>) is worthy of admiration.</div>tn"></span>]]His seasoned robustness (<i>nogŏn</i>) is worthy of admiration.</div>)
E042 + (Pak Hang’s 朴恒 (1227–1281; sobriquet Munŭi … Pak Hang’s 朴恒 (1227–1281; sobriquet Munŭi [Literary Finesse]), </br><div class="poetry-text">[[M083|<span class="fa fa-plus-circle poetry-link-btn"></span>]]Even on a low hill beat with a white sun, a rain can pour down. </br>Over an old fortress covered in yellow sand, a rainbow suddenly appears.</div> </br>An Hyang’s 安珦 (1243–1306; sobriquet Munsŏng [Literary Completion]),</br><div class="poetry-text">[[M084|<span class="fa fa-plus-circle poetry-link-btn"></span>]]A pigeon wings through a morning rain in the field of wild grass.</br>A horse gallops through a spring breeze in a city brimming with flowers.</div> </br>Assistant Royal Secretary (milchik pusa) Kim I’s 金怡 (d. 1317), </br><div class="poetry-text">[[M085|<span class="fa fa-plus-circle poetry-link-btn"></span>]]Where a wisp of dark cloud hovers, on which mountain does it rain?</br>When the fragrant plants are lush, there is a breeze all day long.</div> </br><div class="critique-text">[[C052|<span class="fa fa-plus-circle critique-link-btn"></span>]]All of these phrases are excellent (ka). It is regrettable that I cannot see the complete poems of these poets.</div>a fa-plus-circle critique-link-btn"></span>]]All of these phrases are excellent (ka). It is regrettable that I cannot see the complete poems of these poets.</div>)
E325 + (Prince of Hasan, Sŏng Mongjŏng, was by nat … Prince of Hasan, Sŏng Mongjŏng, was by nature highly intelligent. Although he did not pay much attention to poetry and prose, whatever he wrote was excellent. He composed a piece called “Rhapsody on Feelings While Ill” 病懷賦, and Sin Kwanghan transcribed the entire poem, hanging it on a wall for constant reading. Yi Haeng also remarked, “If Sŏng tried hard to expand his talent, it would be something this generation could not even imagine.” Once he built a small hut at the foot of South Mountain and wrote the following poem, 誰家有道可沖天料理終知却不然試向山中高枕臥此身閑處卽神仙 Whose family has the Way that can shoot up into the heaven?After reflection, one will finally realize it is not the case.I venture into the mountains,reclining on a high pillow,where my idle body becomes just like an immortal.During a visit to a river pavilion, he composed another poem:, 爭占名區漢水濱樓臺幾處向江新朱欄大抵多空寂携酒來憑是主人 I rush off to find a scenic spot along the Han riverbank.How many towers and terraces facing the river are new?Most vermilion balustrades are empty and quiet.Whoever visits them with wine will be their owners. The meanings are all laid out with the intent of admonishing the world. He was a brother-in-law to Minister Sang Chin. Sang always said, “My brother-in-law’s poems are worthy of being included in the Tongmunsŏn 東文選 (Anthology of Eastern Literature).” That his poems were not included is also his fate. poems were not included is also his fate.)
E002 + (Queen Chindŏk 眞德 (r. 647–654) of Silla is … Queen Chindŏk 眞德 (r. 647–654) of Silla is found in the ''Tangsi yugi'' 唐詩類記 (Classified Records of Tang Poetry). </br><div class="critique-text">[[C002|<span class="fa fa-plus-circle critique-link-btn"></span>]]Lofty and ancient (''kogo''), robust and simple (''unghon''), her poem rivals the poems from the early Tang dynasty. At that time, the literary culture of the East had not yet flourished. Besides Ŭlchi Mundŏk’s quatrain, I had heard nothing else. That she achieved this as a female sovereign is truly remarkable.</div> </br>The poem reads, </br><div class="poetry-text">[[M002|<span class="fa fa-plus-circle poetry-link-btn"></span>]]The great [[Tang]] has begun its grand mission.<br></br>Majestic are the great merits of the emperor!<br></br>The battles ceased, and the armor was put away.<br></br>Civilization was restored, succeeding hundreds of kings.<br></br>Commanding the heaven, the [[Tang]] showered down favor.<br></br>Managing all things, it embodies beauty.<br></br>Its benevolence was profound, keeping with the sun and the moon.<br></br>Conforming to a timely fortune, a generation of great peace followed.<br></br>How brilliant are your streaming banners!<br></br>How dazzling your gongs and drums!<br></br>Barbarians outside the realm who disobey your commands<br></br>shall be overthrown by a calamity from heaven.<br></br>Harmonious air gathers throughout the world.<br></br>Far and near, all vie for auspicious signs.<br></br>Four seasons regulate favorable weather.<br></br>[[Seven Stars]] illuminate myriad places.<br></br>High mountains bring forth great ministers.<br></br>The emperor employs the loyal and the good.<br></br>Becoming one in virtue with [[Five Emperors and Three Kings]]<br></br>is the radiant imperial house of Tang.<br></div></br>According to an annotation: In the first year of the Yonghui reign (650; T’aehwa 1), Queen Chindŏk destroyed the Paekche army and presented to the emperor a silk embroidery of her five-character poem, the “Poem of Great Peace.” </br>Note: Yonghui (650–656) was the reign title of Tang Emperor Gaozong.een Chindŏk destroyed the Paekche army and presented to the emperor a silk embroidery of her five-character poem, the “Poem of Great Peace.” Note: Yonghui (650–656) was the reign title of Tang Emperor Gaozong.)
E272 + (Scholar-recluse Sŏng Un was not only noble … Scholar-recluse Sŏng Un was not only noble in his virtue and conduct, but also famous in his time for his exquisite (myo) writings. However, because he did not seek recognition from others, only a few have seen his works. One of his poems reads, 一入鐘山裏松筠臥草廬天高頭肯俯地窄膝猶舒谷口何人在林間此老余柴門客自絕無日罷琴書 Alone I enter Bell Mountain,into the pines and bamboo where a thatched hut lies.The sky is high, yet I willingly keep my head low.The earth is cramped, yet it is comfortable for my knees.Who are the famed people?In the woods, this old man remains.Visits to my bramble gate have ceased.Not a day goes by without the zither and books. A poem of this nature would have little or nothing to be ashamed of, even if it were included in an ancient anthology. How unfortunate that we could not have the chance to see more of his works! have the chance to see more of his works!)
E405 + (Sŏng Hun (sobriquet Taegok [Great Valley]) … Sŏng Hun (sobriquet Taegok [Great Valley]) was born with a beautiful nature and early on escaped the web of the mundane world. His older brother suffered the calamity of the literati purge in the year of ŭlsa (1545) and died a violent death. After that, Sŏng became even more indifferent to the world and lived in seclusion at the foot of Songni Mountain in Ch’ungch’ŏng province and died past the age of eighty. His poetry was like his person, deep and delicate (ch’ungdam), carefree and elegant (han’a), and had a lingering sound of the West Lake Recluse Lin Bu 林逋 (967–1028). 春服稱身雙袖短古琴便手七弦長十年嘗盡山中藥客到時聞口齒香 Spring jacket fits me wellwith two short sleeves.Zither is familiar to my handswith seven long strings.For ten years I tasted every herb in the mountain.When guests come, I often hear them say my breath is fragrant. The poem “Seeing off Cho Sik” 送曹南冥植 reads, 溟鴻獨向海南飛正值秋風落木時滿地稻梁雞鶩啄碧雲天外自忘機 A lone soaring goose flies south toward the sea,just when in autumn wind the time comes for trees to wither.Millets all over the groundchickens and ducks peck. Azure clouds beyond the skymake me simply forget all motive. He wrote many poems like these.ll motive. He wrote many poems like these.)
E366 + (The poems on Ch’ŏnggan Pavilion in Kansŏng … The poems on Ch’ŏnggan Pavilion in Kansŏng were all composed using the words, “pair” 雙 and “window” 窓, and of them Yang Saŏn’s 楊士彦 (1517–1584; sobriquet Ch’anghae [Blue Sea]) was especially superior (ko). 碧海暈紅窺日半蒼苔岩白煙鷗雙金銀台上發高嘯天地浩然開入窓 A red disc in the blue sea, I see half of the sun.Over the white rocks covered in green mosses is a pair of mist and gull.On the gold and silver platform, I let out a loud whistle.The boundless heaven and earth enter through the window. When someone showed the poem to Yi Hubaek, Yi said, “Even if someone had a similar idea, that person surely would not be able to surpass this.” My late father also responded to the poem using its rhymes, 疏雨白鷗飛兩兩夕陽漁艇泛雙雙擬看暘谷金鳥出畫閣東頭不設窓 Through a sparse rain, white gulls fly two by two.The setting sun and a fishing boat float as a pair.To watch from the sunlit valleythe rising Golden Bird,on the east side of the painted pavilion, they didn’t make a window. People all praised it. Kim Ch’ŏmgyŏng 金添慶 (1525–1583) wrote two poems in response when he was a governor (kwanch’alsa). One of them reads, 可惜鴻門玉斗撞紛飛片片不論雙化成白鳥群千百日出呶呶鬧客窓 What a pity! At the Hong Gate,the jade chalice was knocked down. It shattered into pieces without any pair!Transformed into white gulls in flocks of hundreds and thousands,at sunrise they “Caw, caw,” noisily at every window. Another one said, 好景紛紛左右撞馬頭紅粉亦雙雙 Beautiful scenery one after another knocks me down from left and right.At the dock, fair ladies are also seen in pairs. I cannot remember the last verse. Below the poems, someone wrote, “How laughable is Kim Ch’ŏmgyŏng, knocking down one after another, left and right.” Those who saw it ridiculed Kim.nd right.” Those who saw it ridiculed Kim.)
E300 + (These days, the study of poetry focuses pr … These days, the study of poetry focuses primarily on late Tang poetry, and pays no attention to Su Shi’s poetry. When Chŏng Saryong heard this, he remarked, “It is not because Su is inferior (pi), but because they fail to understand him.” Yi Hwang 李滉 (1501–1570; sobriquet T’oegye [T’oe Stream]) also said, “How could Su’s poetry fall short of late Tang poetry?” In my humble opinion, I also believe Su Shi’s poems, such as, 豈意靑州六從事化爲烏有一先生 Could it be that six jugs ofQingzhou’s Attendant Official wineturned into oneMr. Nothing! 凍合玉樓寒起粟光搖銀海眩生花 On the frozen jade towers, my shoulders are chilled with goose bumps.In the shimmering silvery seas, dazzles turn into blooms. 風花誤入長春苑雲月長臨不夜城 Petals in the winds mistakenly enter the Eternal Spring Garden.The cloud-covered moon at last arrives at the City That Never Sleeps. I don’t know of one late Tang poem that can match the outstanding (kijŏl) wonder of these poems! During the Koryŏ dynasty, every list of successful examination candidates said, “We have selected thirty-three Su Shi.” The literature of Koryŏ was superior (u) to that of our dynasty, and since Su was honored as the teacher of all teachers, his poetry cannot be considered inferior. If we look down on his character, then how many late Tang poets were worthier than Su? Minister Yi Hwang spoke highly of Su’s poetry and often recited the following lines, 雲散月明誰點綴天容海色本澄淸 Strewn clouds and a bright moon. Who beautifully displayed them up there?The face of the sky and the colors of the sea are crystal clear by nature.In many of his own poems, Yi used expressions (ŏ) by Su. own poems, Yi used expressions (ŏ) by Su.)
E358 + (Tutor (kyogwan) Chŏng Chak showed me Yun C … Tutor (kyogwan) Chŏng Chak showed me Yun Ch’unnyŏn’s 尹春年 (1514–1567; sobriquet Ch’angju [Blue Islet]) poem “A Farewell in the Autumn of the Imja Year” 壬子秋贈別, 文章有正脈意音為之主此道久不傳已矣如聾瞽性情本湛然惟意能鼓舞哀樂各相應表裏元一矩元氣信浩然大樂安有譜調切寄文字節奏應鐘鼓嗟余讀古書十年勤自苦一朝幸有得敢謂如目睹鄭子雖年少其心甚慕古相從已屢問自愧無所補養氣以為本讀書以為固血氣苟不盛萬卷終鹵莽願君聽殷勤我言出肺腑豈徒作文法學道從此取今君有遠行寂寞歸南土追隨應久廢別離那可數贈言欲效古我才非李杜徘徊不忍別秋風動江浦 In literary composition, there is a correct path—Meaning and rhyming are essential.For long this Way has not been taught,and we have already become like the deaf and the blind.Natural temperament is inherently clear.Only meaning can move us to drum and dance.Joy and sorrow respond to each other.Outside and inside are one at the beginning. Primordial energy is surely unbound.How can there be a score for great music?Play and rest both follow the words.Rhythm responds to bells and drums.Ah! I read the classics, striving for ten years and suffering alone.One morning, I fortunately understood them.I dare say it was like eyes could finally see.Mr. Chŏng! Although he is young in age,His heart truly admires the ancients. In our meetings, you asked me many questions,But I am sorry I was not much of a help.Be rooted by nurturing the vital energy.Be resolute in studying the books. If your physical energy is not strong,ten thousand books will eventually be wasted.I wish you listen with affectionthese words that come from the bottom of my heart.Why would this only apply to composition?Learning of the Way should be sought in this.Today you embark on a long journey,returning alone to the southern land.Hereafter, we must be long downcast.How can we speak of farewell?I present these words, wishing to emulate the ancients,though I surely am not Li Bai or Du Fu.Pacing around, I cannot bear to part.Autumn wind moves the river. Chŏng Chak was just twenty years old at the time, yet Yun Ch’unnyŏn already acknowledged him in this way. The poem has great stylistic progression (kudo) worthy of esteem.istic progression (kudo) worthy of esteem.)
E095 + (When Kim Sisŭp 金時習 (1435–1493; sobriquet T … When Kim Sisŭp 金時習 (1435–1493; sobriquet Tongbong [Eastern Peak]) read books, he did not confine himself to the literal meaning of specific passages but sought out the main points and savored (mi) the principles. I once wrote “Laments of a Campaigning Soldier” 征夫怨 in ten quatrains, matching the rhymes of Yuan Haowen’s 元好問(1190–1257; sobriquet Yishan [Yi Mountain]) poem. One of them said, 百草凋霜月滿空年年鞍馬任西東令嚴萬幕平沙夜部伍相招鼓角中 Above the frostbitten grassy plain, the moon fills the sky.Year after year, horsemen campaign east and west.Commands are solemn in thousands of tents in the desert at nights.Soldiers call each other amid the sound of drums and pipes. When Kim read it, he burst into laughter, saying, “You made an error. How can they call each other when the commands are solemn?” He then showed me the Xiaoya 小雅 (Minor Odes) of the Shijing (Classic of Poetry), which said, “When you go on a campaign, not a peep can be heard. Indeed, you will achieve great success.” Deeply impressed by his words, I returned and told Hong Yuson what had happened. Hong marveled at Kim without end.appened. Hong marveled at Kim without end.)
E370 + (When my late father was appointed to admin … When my late father was appointed to administer Kosŏng, Sin Ŭngsi wrote the following farewell poem, 高城為郡久邑里太蕭條西望山皆骨東臨海不潮丹砂招葛老鳬舄送王喬柱笏吟詩處兼無簿領囂 Kosŏng is an old county.Its towns are awfully bleak.Gazing west, the mountains are All Bones.Facing east, the seas do not surge.Cinnabar beckoned Old Ge.Flying shoes sent Wang Qiao away.Where you lean your chin on the tablet and write poems,there you will also have no clamor of official documents.also have no clamor of official documents.)
E083 + (Yi Chip 李集 (1314–1387; sobriquet Tunch’on … Yi Chip 李集 (1314–1387; sobriquet Tunch’on [Secluded Village]) gained renown throughout the world because of his literary achievements. His friends were all outstanding figures of their time. Once he spoke critically of current affairs. When his words touched upon the topic of Sin Ton 辛旽 (d. 1371), Sin tried to secretly assassinate him. Together with his father, Yi fled. Hearing that his co-graduate Ch’oe Wŏndo 崔元道 (14th century) lived at Yŏngch’ŏn, Kyŏngsang province, they went there to seek refuge. Ch’oe treated them with great generosity. For three years, they never left his house. When Yi’s father died, Ch’oe took care of everything for his funeral and burial, as if the deceased had been his own father, and buried him next to Yi’s mother’s grave. Yi then presented the following poem to Ch’oe, 慷慨傷時淚滿襟流離孝懇達幽陰漢山迢遞雲烟阻羅峴盤回草樹深天占後先雙馬鬣誰知君我兩人心願焉世世長如此須使交情利斷金 Overcome with grief, tears drench my collars.Sincere filiality of this refugee has reached the underworld.Mount Han is far away, obstructed by misty clouds.Steep hills of Nahyŏn twist and turn,buried among thickets. Heaven claimed them one after another, and they now rest in twin graves. Who would understand you and me,the hearts of yours and mine? May we, generation after generation,this way remain. Let us keep this friendship that can cut through metal!To this day, people all praise Ch’oe’s faithfulness. Namhyŏn is the place where his mother was buried. is the place where his mother was buried.)
E087 + (Yi Talsŏn 李達善 (1457–1505; styled Kyŏmji) o … Yi Talsŏn 李達善 (1457–1505; styled Kyŏmji) once had a dream in which a scholar in a strange form presented him with a poem that read, 世上紅塵滿天樓紫玉寒東皇求八狴終不憶家山 The world is full of red dust.At the celestial mansion, the sounds of purple jades are cold. The Eastern Emperor seeks out the eight beastsbut remembers not his native mountains. Yi believed the dream was a call from the underworld, so he told everyone that he would die soon. The following year, he won the honor of the tertius at the civil service examination. I sent him the following congratulatory poem, 日下五雲爛未收廣寒深殿桂花秋祗隨傅說調金鼎準擬東皇八狴求 Under the sun, five-colored clouds glimmer without an end. Deep inside the Palace of Vast Coldness, autumn osmanthus are in bloom.Follow Fu Yue’s example and stir the golden cauldron.Let’s hope the Sovereign of the East will search for the eight beasts. The poem’s meaning (siŭi) draws an analogy between our king to the Eastern Emperor, and it shows my faith that Yi would someday assist the king. Not long after, Yi entered the Office of Special Advisors (Hongmun’gwan) and received great royal favor and honor. and received great royal favor and honor.)
E003 + ([[Ch’oe Ch’iwŏn's]] (sobriquet Koun [Solit … [[Ch’oe Ch’iwŏn's]] (sobriquet Koun [Solitary Cloud]) [literary] merit was unprecedented. Therefore, scholars of [[the East]] all regard him as the progenitor [of literature]. His poem [[“A Pipa Tune” 琵琶行]] is classified in the [[Tang yin yi xiang 唐音遺響 (Lingering Echo of the Sound of Tang)]] as an anonymous work. Later generations remain undecided on its authenticity. Some say that the line, </br><div class="poetry-text">[[M003|<span class="fa fa-plus-circle poetry-link-btn"></span>]]Over [[Dongting Lake]], the moon goes down, and a solitary cloud returns home.</div></br>proves his authorship, but that alone is insufficient evidence to settle the debate. [[“A Letter to Condemn Huang Chao”]] drafted by [[Ch’oe]] is not included in official histories. It is said that when [[Huang]] read the line, “Not only do all the people of the empire openly wish for your destruction, but the ghosts of the underworld also have devised a secret plan to eliminate you,” he fell from his chair in surrender. Had it not been a writing that makes the ghosts weep and startles the wind, how could [[Ch’oe]] have reached this level? Yet his poems are not considered [[lofty (ko)]]. It must be because he entered China during the [[Late Tang period]].)
E068 + ([[P118|<span class="keyword person"> … [[P118|<span class="keyword person">Kim Suon (sobriquet Munp’yŏng [Literary Standard])</span>]] was well-versed in the Six Classics, the writings of hundred schools of thought, and history. There was nothing that he did not probe into, and his understanding of Buddhist Sūtras was particularly profound. Once, he said, “The merit of scholarship lies in a student’s reading one book thoroughly and repeatedly. They must also take the time to reflect on it. If one is hasty, it will be difficult to savor the book’s flavor (mi). I control my mind and calm my instincts, and that is how I understand all that come into contact with me.”During a visit to Yanghwa Ferry, the imperial envoy Chen Hanlin 陳翰林 (15th century) composed a poem that included the word “cheerful” 怡. Matching that rhyme proved challenging for everyone. Kim then responded, 江深畫舸惟須泛山遠晴雲只可怡 A painted boat on the river deepmakes us think only about drifting.Bright clouds over the mountains farbring nothing but cheer. Chen replied, 山中何所有嶺上多白雲只可自怡說不堪持贈君 What could be there in the mountains?Over the hilly roads, white clouds abound. I can only feel cheerful myself. Too bad, I cannot offer them to you. He said to Kim, “You truly captured the charm (ch’wi) of the scenery.” While cruising the Han River, Councilor (langzhong) Qi Shun (15th century) composed a poem that included the word “sleep” 眠. Each attending scholars wrote a poem in response, but Kim struggled and sighed deeply. Even after a long time, he couldn’t complete it. In the end, he presented the following couplet, 江口日斜人自集渡頭風靜鷺絲眠 At the river’s mouth, the sun sets, and people gather together.At the ferry dock, the wind calms, and herons sleep a little. Recorder (chusŏ) Yi Ch’angsin 李昌臣 (b. 1449), who was nearby, remarked, “I’m afraid ‘gather together’ and ‘sleep a little’ do not match.” Kim then said, “You can make the correction.” Yi suggested, “How about replacing ‘a little’ 絲 with ‘idly’ 閑?” Kim responded, “Your words are absolutely correct. Recently, my poetic thoughts (sisa) have dried up (kogal) because I have not been receiving [[T044|<span class="keyword topic">acupuncture</span>]] and moxibustion.” Everyone laughed at his remark.)

C042 + (Although the two poems differ in words, their meaning (yongŭi) is the same.)

E205 + (1. Among today’s military officials, those … 1. Among today’s military officials, those who can write poetry are only a few. However, none of their works are worth reading, except for Pak Hwigyŏm’s. When he was young and serving under Sin Sukchu’s command, Pak wrote the following poem, 十萬貔貅擁戍樓夜深邊月冷狐裘一聲長笛來何處吹盡征夫萬里愁 A hundred thousand fearless soldiers besiege the enemy’s lookout tower.Late at night, the moonlit frontier feels cold even with a fox fur coat.The sound of a bamboo pipe,from where does it come? It blows away the campaigning soldiers’ten-thousand-li worries. Later, he wrote the following poem “On the Fair Wind Terrace in Hŭngdŏk Prefecture” 題興德縣培風軒. 屹立亭亭萬仞峯峯頭高閣迥臨風地連蓬島三淸界人在瀟湘八景中雲帶山腰橫縹緲水涵天影接空濛忽看遠浦歸帆疾木道遙連漢水通 Towering high and upright is the peak soaring ten thousand yards. On its top stands a tall building facing the winds up high.The land below connects to Penglai Island and the domain of the Three Pure Ones.People are in Xiaoxiang,amidst their famous eight views.Clouds wrap the hillside in silky mists.Rivers hold the sky’s reflections meeting the hazy blue sky. Suddenly, I see near the distant shore a sail returning in haste.The long wood road connectsand leads to the Han River. Among the poems of military officials, such works are hard to come by.officials, such works are hard to come by.)
E086 + (1. Between the years of Chenghua (1465–148 … 1. Between the years of Chenghua (1465–1487) and Hongzhi (1488–1505), a certain scholar surnamed Han studied at the Tosan Temple in Yŏngan. An elderly man in a blue robe, begging for rice in the village, met Han and said, “You, a wretched scholar! What are you studying in such agony? All my life, I have been content begging for food.” Then he composed the following quatrain, 懶倚紗窓春日遲紅顏空老落花時世間萬事皆如此叩角謳歌誰得知 Idly I lean on the veiled window as the spring day passes slowly.Youthful faces have aged in vain, and now it’s time for the flowers to fall.Myriad affairs in this worldall go around this way.Strike your horn and sing madly,but who would understand your sound? Some people of the Eastern country said, “Since our country is small, anyone that has talent surely reaches his goal. How can one bemoan being a lost pearl in the ocean?” If what I hear today were like this, how many, like this elderly man that I had never heard about before, are there in the countryside and cities? Han is someone who studies and sincerely speaks about the sages, and he surely won’t utter empty words. He told me this. won’t utter empty words. He told me this.)
E212 + (1. Cho Sin was renowned for his talent fro … 1. Cho Sin was renowned for his talent from an early age. In the kihae year of the Chenghua reign (1479; Sŏngjong 10), he accompanied envoy Sin Sukchu on a goodwill mission to Japan based on recommendations from Hong Kwidal and Ch’ae Su. King Sŏngjong personally provided Cho with five topics and commanded him to compose poems on them. Additionally, each of the six royal secretaries was instructed to select difficult rhymes to test Cho’s abilities. Just before his departure, Hong Kwidal presented Cho with his poem “A Rhapsody on Cozy Hut” 適庵賦. Later, Cho retired and lived in Kŭmsan county in Kyŏngsang province. He produced a five-volume collection of poetry manuscripts, as well as a single volume titled Somun swaerok (Miscellaneous Records of Little-Known Things). His poem “Impromptu” 偶吟 reads, 三杯卯酒詫年稀手拓南窓一詠詩泉眼溢池魚潑剌樹林遶屋鳥來歸花生顔色雨晴後柳弄腰肢風過時誰道適庵無箇事每因節物未忘機 Three cups wine in the morning I brag I am in my seventies!Opening a south-facing window, I sing out a poem.In the bubbling pool from a spring, the fish splash!To a house surrounded by trees, the birds return.Flowers wear fresh colors after the rain clears.Willow branches sway their waists when the wind passes.Who says in my Cozy Hutthere is nothing to do?With every change of season, I still haven’t forgotten all motive. His own annotation reads, “Following the to-and-fro rhyme scheme (jint’oegyŏk 進退格), I incorporated ten words, including poetry 詩, wine 酒, trees 林, spring 泉, fish 魚, birds 鳥, flowers 花, and willows 柳.fish 魚, birds 鳥, flowers 花, and willows 柳.)
E259 + (1. Chŏng Saryong built a small house on th … 1. Chŏng Saryong built a small house on the bank of Chŏng Ferry in Ŭiryŏng county in Kyŏngsang province and displayed on the wall only three poems by Yi Haeng, Pak Sang, and Cho Sin. This demonstrates Chŏng’s respect for the three men. A couplet by Yi Haeng reads, 江湖魚得計鍾鼓鳥非情 The fish of rivers and lakes are content.The birds are not moved by the sound of bells and drums. Chŏng often praised these lines.nd drums. Chŏng often praised these lines.)
E216 + (1. Ch’oe Suksaeng’s 崔淑生 (1457–1520) poem “ … 1. Ch’oe Suksaeng’s 崔淑生 (1457–1520) poem “Ŭiju’s Ch’wisŭng Pavilion” 義州聚勝亭 reads, 馬蹄西海到窮陲百尺危亭近紫微且倚雕欄看勝景不敎珠箔障晴暉江橫鴨綠兼天淨柳暗鵝黃着雨肥忽憶玉堂身萬里蓬萊何處五雲飛 At the horse-hoof coast of West Sea,at its outermost rim,there is a pavilion a hundred feet above,close to the Purple Star.I lean on its carved railings and behold the marvelous view,not letting the beaded curtains block the radiant glow.The Amnok River flowing across fuses with the clear sky.Bright orange willow catkins plump up in the rain.Suddenly I realize from the Jade HallI am thousands of li away.Oh, where in Penglai do five-colored clouds fly? Minister So ordered me to read aloud the poems on the plaques. When I got to this poem, he nodded and said, “This old man’s poem deserves to be called a mature composition (sŏngjang).”However, Cho Wi wrote a matching poem that reads, 雄藩自古壯邊陲新搆華亭對翠微絶域雲烟來醉眼層城花柳媚春暉山圍廣野靑如畫雨過長江綠漸肥叵耐登臨還望遠歸心日夜正南飛 Since ancient times, this grand domainhas had formidable frontiers.A decorated pavilion was just built,facing the azure hills.Misty clouds of distant landsenter my drunken eyes.Flowers and willows of the mountain fortressflaunt their spring glow.The open field encircled by mountainsis green like a painting.After the rain passes over the long river, verdure grows darker.I couldn’t help but ascend the pavilion and gaze afar.My homebound heart, day and night, only soars to the south. In my humble opinion, how is Cho’s poem not on par with Ch’oe’s?how is Cho’s poem not on par with Ch’oe’s?)
E174 + (1. During the reign of King Chungjong 中宗 ( … 1. During the reign of King Chungjong 中宗 (r. 1506–1544), Sin Yonggae 申用漑 (1463–1519; sobriquets Iyojŏng [Two Joys Pavilion] and Munjŏng [Literary Scenery]) held the dual positions of Fifth State Councilor (uch’ansŏng) and Director at the Office of Royal Decrees (taejehak). Desiring to pass on the role of Director at the Office of Royal Decrees to Nam Kon, one day Sin had a conversation with Nam and requested a poem from him. Nam submitted the following verse, 楊柳陰陰欲午鷄忽驚窮巷溢輪蹄爭看風裁空隣舍促具盤筵窘老妻乘興但知傾藥玉忘形不覺挽鞓犀沈吟欲賦高軒過鄭重荒詞未敢題 Willows cast shadows. Roosters at midday are about to crow.Suddenly, my humble lane is flooded with carriages and horses.Trying to catch a glimpse of nobility, neighbors all come out of their homes.Hastily preparing a banquet, my old wife is anxious.When you made a surprise visit, I onlyknew I had to pour wine.Neglecting all formalities, I absentmindedly tighten my rhinoceros horn belt.Contemplating, I attempt to compose a poem on “The Tall Carriage Passes By”.But out of respect, my muddled words,I do not dare to write. Deeply impressed, Sin remarked, “My robe and alms bowl have found their rightful place.” Before long, Nam was appointed as the Director at the Office of Royal Decrees. This account is derived from Ŏ Sukkwŏn’s 魚叔權 (fl. 1520s–1550s) P’aegwan chapki 稗官雜記 (A Storyteller’s Miscellany). That day, Sin must have written a poem matching the rhymes of Nam, but it is not recorded in the P’aegwan chapki. Here, I dare to put myself in Sin’s shoes and offer a matching poem. 偶過高門見殺鷄淹留半日縶駑蹄瓊詞許以知音友斗酒謀諸擧案妻自擬方皐能相馬須煩溫嶠試燃犀欲傳衣鉢孚人望聲價無雙在品題 By chance, I passed through your lofty gate and was served a meal with slaughtered chickens. I lingered for half a day, tying my lowly horse.Precious words, you share with a friend who knows the sound of your heart.A flask of wine was prepared for all by your respectful wife.Thinking that Jiufang Gao can judge horses,I troubled Wen Qiao to light up the buffalo horns.I wish to pass on my robe and alms bowl to an esteemed one I trust.Your matchless reputation is evident in the quality of your poems.n is evident in the quality of your poems.)
E219 + (1. Im Ch’un’s “A Kisaeng that Ran Away” 詠逃 … 1. Im Ch’un’s “A Kisaeng that Ran Away” 詠逃妓 reads, 紅粧待曉帖金鈿爲被催呼上綺筵不怕長官嚴號令漫嗔行客惡因緣乘樓未作吹簫伴奔月還爲竊藥仙寄語靑雲賢學士仁心不用示蒲鞭 Applying the rouge, you waited for the dawn, and adorned yourself with golden hairpins.Summoned hastily, you took your seat on the brocade mat.You are not afraid of officials issuing stern orders.Freely you complain to the guestsabout your ill-fated love. Ascending the tower, you did not becomea companion of the flute player.Instead, you eloped to the moon and became a fairy who stole the elixir!These are my words to noble and worthy scholars:Have a kind heart and don’t pull out the rush whip. The poem itself is excellent (ka), but the expression (ŏ) “rush whip” immediately disrupts the charm (p’ungun) of the boudoir. If he met a woman throwing the weaver’s shuttle, I am afraid he wouldn’t be as happy as Youyu with his broken teeth.e as happy as Youyu with his broken teeth.)
E217 + (1. In his Taedong sirim大東詩林 (Poetry Forest … 1. In his Taedong sirim大東詩林 (Poetry Forest of the Great East), Yu Hŭiryŏng 柳希齡 (1480–1552; sobriquet Mongwa [Dream Nest]) records his father Yu In’gwi’s 柳仁貴 (1463–1531; sobriquet Sujae [Sleep Studio]) poem “Staying Overnight at Naksaeng station” 宿樂生驛, 日夕衆山暗遠來投樂生征驢吃殘草老僕飯香粳索枕背燈睡把盃斟酒傾時時呼長老屈指問前程 As the sun sets, the mountains grow dark.Traveling from afar, I stay in Naksaeng for the night.My donkey grazes on withered grasses.My old servant prepares fragrant rice. Finding a pillow, I turn my back towards the lamp to sleep.Taking a cup, I pour and empty the wine.Time and again, I call the elderly manAnd, counting on my fingers, inquire about the road ahead. “My donkey grazes on withered grasses” indicates that he was journeying through a desolate area. How can then there be “my old servant prepares fragrant rice”? Also, he already turned his back towards the lamp to sleep, then how can he take a cup and do all that? Moreover, “take,” “pour,” and “empty” are all similar words. What is even more laughable is that he only stayed at Naksaeng station for a day. How then can he say, “Time and again, I call the elderly man”? The post station servant cannot be compared to a Buddhist monk or a Daoist master, then how can he be called an “elder”? The expression (ŏ) “counting on my fingers” originated from the phrase in the “Biography of Chen Tang” 陳湯傳 in the Han shu 漢書 (Book of Han), “Counting on my fingers the days ahead, I said, ‘In a few days, we shall hear the good news.’” However, inquiring about the road ahead and using the expression “counting on my fingers,” I cannot see the appropriateness of that either.ot see the appropriateness of that either.)
E127 + (1. In his “Miscellaneous Poems on Songgyŏn … 1. In his “Miscellaneous Poems on Songgyŏng” 松京雜詠, Fourth Counselor (ŭnggyo) Yu Hoin 兪好仁 (1445–1494; sobriquet Noegye [Noe Creek]; styled Kŭkki) wrote, 茫茫海國水連天黃屋艱危四十年咫尺松京胡霧隔摩尼山上暗烽煙白日西沉性命屯蜀山萬里泣孤臣四朝苦節風霜裏一段經綸鬢似銀圓頂方袍污廟堂大庭白日奮忠腸長沙萬里瘴煙祟縱使公亡道不亡 In a kingdom in the boundless sea, where the water meets the sky,the royal household was in danger for forty long years.Towards Songgyŏngas Turkish fog approached,atop Mani Mountain, beacon fires were secretly lit. As the white sun sank west, lives became grim. In Shu Mountain, thousands of li away, a lone official shed tears.Serving four kings with unwavering devotionamidst winds and frost,after managing state affairs,his sideburns turned silvery white. Monks in shaved heads and robes defiled the Confucius shrine. At the grand court, toward the white sun,he raised his faithful heart to the king.Thousands of li away in Changsha, he suffered from the miasma.Though he perished, the Way will never perish.gh he perished, the Way will never perish.)
E179 + (1. In the fall of sinhae during the reign … 1. In the fall of sinhae during the reign of Jiajing (1551; Myŏngjong 6), I, in the capacity of a representative of the Ministry of Civil Official Affairs (ibu), went to P’yŏngan province on an official mission. It was there that I had a romance with a kisaeng from Kisŏng, known as Tongjŏngch’un 洞庭春 (Spring at Dongting Lake) (16th century). After my return to the court, she sent me a letter that said, “Unable to see you, whom I miss dearly, I cannot bear this pain of separation. I would rather die and be buried with you. Soon, I will return to the Beauties’ Grotto.” The grotto was located outside the Seven Star Gate of Kisŏng, and kisaengs were all buried there. In response, I jokingly wrote a quatrain and sent it to her, 滿紙縱橫摠誓言自期他日共泉原丈夫一死終難免當作嬋娟洞裏魂 Your letter was filled with words of a solemn vow. I promise that someday we shall be together in the underworld.A man’s death, after all, cannot be avoided.I shall be a ghost in the Beauties’ Grotto. Not long after, she died from an illness. Once again, I wrote a regulated verse as a jest. 生別長含惻惻情那知死別忽呑聲乍聞凶訃腸如裂細憶音容淚自傾書札幾曾來浿水夢魂無復到箕城嬋娟戱語還成讖愧我泉原負舊盟 After our parting in life, I always carried feelings of sorrow.How could have I known our parting in death would suddenly render me speechless?Hearing the news of your passing severs my innards. Vividly remembering your voice and your face, tears stream down on their own. Several letters had arrived from you through the P’ae River.But in my dreams, I have yet to return to Kisŏng.The joke of the Beauties’ Grotto has become a reality.I am sorry I cannot keep our old promise to meet in the underworld. All my friends read it and laughed. In the spring of kimi (1559), I went to Ch’ungch’ŏng province on an official mission. Second Minister (ch’amp’an) Kwŏn Ŭngch’ang 權應昌 (1505–1568) was serving as Magistrate (moksa) of Hongju (Sr. 3), and his illegitimate younger brother Kwŏn Ŭngin 權應仁 (16th century; sobriquet Songgye [Pine Creek]) followed him there. On the day of my arrival, Kwŏn Ŭngin presented me with two regulated verses he had written for singing performance at kisaeng schools. The last lines read, 人生適意無南北莫作嬋娟洞裏魂 In human affairs, if two people share their thoughts,it matters not whether they are in the north or south.Just do not become a ghost in the Beauties’ Grotto!These lines are apposite (chŏldang) and savory (yumi) lines. At the time, I had tender feelings for a local kisaeng named Ongnusŏn 玉樓仙 (Jade Tower Fairy) (16th century), so Kwŏn’s poem resonated with me.entury), so Kwŏn’s poem resonated with me.)
E190 + (1. In the imsin year of the reign of Zheng … 1. In the imsin year of the reign of Zhengde (1512; Chungjong 7), a Japanese envoy came to our capital and fell ill. He and wrote the following poem, 東國館門外四屏山暮春塵埋床下屨蛛網架頭巾枕有思鄉淚門無問病人滄波萬里客惆悵未歸身 Outside the guest house in the Eastern Kingdom,four screening mountains are in late spring.Straw sandals are collecting dust under the bed,and the head scarf has cobwebs.My pillow is soaked with tears shed missing home.At the gate, there is no visitor for this sick person.A wanderer from ten thousand li of sea is in gloom unable to return.The Pacification Commissioner (sŏnwisa) at the time did not stop praising the poem, and the poem was recited widely (chŏnsong) throughout the capital. Upon closer examination, it appears that a monk from the late Tang dynasty composed a similar poem about his dwelling, 枕有思鄉淚門無問疾人塵埋床下履風動架頭巾 My pillow is soaked with tears shed missing home.At the gate, there is no visitor for this sick person.My shoes are collecting dust under the bed,and the winds sway the head scarf on a rack.It just so happened that a Censor (pusa) came across the monk’s poem and reported his situation to the court. Subsequently, the court ordered all monasteries to estalish a House of Recovery (Yŏnsuryo 延壽寮) to take care of monks’ illnesses. The Japanese envoy’s poem used the two couplets by the sick monk, and simply switched the first and the second couplets, and changed the words “shoes” to “straw sandals” and “the winds sway” to “cobwebs.” Those in the capital who spread and recited (chŏnsong) the poem wre likely not well-read, while the Pacification Commissioner lacked discerning eyes. This is truly a laughable matter.ng eyes. This is truly a laughable matter.)
E194 + (1. In the pyŏngo year of the Chenghua reig … 1. In the pyŏngo year of the Chenghua reign (1486; Sŏngjong 17), while crossing the Pakch’ŏn River for the second time, Supervisor Qi Shun composed many poems. In one of them, he used “water chestnuts” 菱 as the rhyme word in the last line. Sŏ Kŏjŏng matched Qi’s poems, and they composed and exchanged a total of twelve poems each. In the final line of his poem, Sŏ wrote, 南望達城家萬里夢魂長繞故園菱 Gazing south to Talsŏng, home is ten thousand li away.In my dreams, my spirit roams around the water chestnuts in the old garden. Qi questioned, “Water chestnuts are not plants that grow in gardens. What then does this line refer to?” The interpreter stepped forward and explained, “Official Sŏ’s home is in a water region known for abundant water chestnut production. That is why he mentioned it in his poem.” Qi replied, “If that is the case, then it is acceptable.” Sŏ was using “the old garden” to refer to his hometown, which ultimately is not well suited.town, which ultimately is not well suited.)
E218 + (1. In the sinch’uk year of the Jiajing rei … 1. In the sinch’uk year of the Jiajing reign (1541; Chungjong 36), I went to Beijing accompanying the Envoy for the Emperor’s Birthday (hajŏlsa). It just so happened that the empress of Emperor Wuzong had recently passed away, so that the members of our mission also joined the procession of officials and mourned day and night. One day, early in the morning, while I was briefly sitting outside the shrine gate, many Chinese officials also came out to sit. An official standing under the cracked eaves approached Interpreter Hong Kyŏm and asked, “Can you write poetry?” Hong replied, “There was a light rain last night. Feeling homesick and melancholic, I wrote a quatrain in the spur of the moment.” The official insisted on seeing the poem. Hong then wrote down a poem by Ch’oe Ch’iwŏn and showed it to him, which said, 秋風惟苦吟世俗少知音窓外三更雨燈前萬里心 Autumn winds only make me write poems of agony.In this world, there are few who understand my tune.Outside the window, a midnight rain falls.By the lamp, my heart wanders thousands of li.The Chinese official took the poem and showed it to his superior, who promptly sent officials to copy it down. The commotion continued for a while until someone brought refreshments for us. Eventually, someone handed a brush to Hong and asked, “Can you write another poem?” Hong pointed at me and said, “He can also write poetry. Go and ask him for a poem.” The man then requested a poem from me. I wrote on the paper, “Petty literary craft, like engraving a worm and carving a seal, was not originally meant to be a pursuit of gentlemen. Especially during a state funeral, how can this be a time for poeticizing the wind and the moon? But, if I must, I have written a few things on the way to China. I can show you one quatrain from them.” The man replied, “I’d be lucky to have that.” Then I wrote down the poem “Seeing You Off to the East at Tangzhan” 湯站送人東還詩, and it read, 松鶻山前路君東我馬西欲題家信去臨紙意還迷 Standing on the road at the foot of Mt. Songgol,you head east, and I gallop west.I wish to send a letter back home,but facing the paper, my thoughts beocme blurry.Then they all read it and copied it down, just as they had done before. Pointing out my remark, “How can this be a time for poeticizing the wind and the moon?,” they all praised and said, “Yours is a country that truly understands propriety!”country that truly understands propriety!”)
E215 + (1. In the year of pyŏngsin (1536), I was i … 1. In the year of pyŏngsin (1536), I was in Ŭiju. Waiting upon Minister So, one night we sat down together and read Tang Gao’s poems in the Hwanghwa chip 皇華集 (Anthology of Brilliant Flowers). I remarked, “The following couplet in Yi Haeng’s poem on the Han River is outstanding (kŭkka). 縹緲三峯看覆鼎逶迤一帶接投金 Faintly visible, three peaks resemble an overturned tripod cauldron.A belt of meandering stream meets the Tossed Away Gold River. Official So laughed and said, “You truly have a discerning eye for poetry. That couplet was written by me. Yi was busy at the time and asked me to write a poem on his behalf. The parallelism of ‘overturned tripod cauldron’ and ‘tossed away gold’ was indeed naturally conceived (ch’ŏnsŏng). Even if Yi came back to life again, I have nothing to be ashamed of.” Annotation: Some say that the poem indeed was Yi’s work, and that So is shameless in claiming it as his own.So is shameless in claiming it as his own.)
E208 + (1. Kim Chŏng (sobriquet Ch’ungam [Humble H … 1. Kim Chŏng (sobriquet Ch’ungam [Humble Hut]) had a reputation for his poetic skills during his lifetime. However, most of his works were lost, and only a few have survived. One of his poems, “An Evening Gaze” 晩望, reads, 秋陰起將暝迢遞倚荊扉虛莽夔魖悄冥烟島嶼微眼穿孤鳥盡思逐片雲依一葦豈云遠人遐自未歸 Autumn clouds rise as the sun goes down.Lost in thought, I lean on the bramble gate.In the wild thickets, mountain goblins are quiet.Shrouded in mists, islands appear hazy.My eyes are fixed on a lone bird.My thoughts drift with a wisp of cloud.A barge—how can you call it far away?Yet people are distant and have not returned. His poem “River South” 江南 reads, 江南殘夢晝厭厭愁逐年芳日日添雙燕來時春欲暮1. 杏花微雨下重簾 In a fleeting dream of river south, the day goes on and on.My sadness, chasing vernal fragrances, grows day by day.When a pair of swallows arrive, spring deepens.Apricot blossoms fall in a light rain outside the double screen. His poem “Feeling the Mood” 感興 reads, 落月臨荒野寒鴉下晩村空林烟火冷白屋掩荊門 Sinking moon closes in on the wilderness.Jackdaws descend on an evening village.In the empty forest, smoke and fire are rare.The bramble gate of the thatched house is shut.ramble gate of the thatched house is shut.)
E209 + (1. Kim Chŏng once visited Ch’ongsŏk Pavili … 1. Kim Chŏng once visited Ch’ongsŏk Pavilion in T’ongch’ŏn and composed six poems. A prefect later destroyed Kim’s poetry plaque, causing us to lose two of the six poems. I once read in the Tongin sihwa (Easterners’ Remarks on Poetry) by Sŏ Kŏjŏng that a poem by Kim Chidae (sobriquet Yŏnghŏn [Heroic Decree]), written at Ŭisŏng’s official lodge, became a most relished (hoeja) work during that time. Later, the building was burnt down during a war, and the plaque destroyed along with it. Several decades later, the daughter of prefect O Chŏkchang 吳迪莊, who lost her sanity and spoke incoherently, suddenly recited Kim Chidae’s poem. The ghosts, too, loved the poem and allowed it to be known again throughout the world. Unfortunately, it is a pity that no ghost in T’ongch’ŏn loves poetry in the same way. Therefore, I now record the four remaining poems. 絶嶠丹崖滄海陬孤標夐邈卽蓬丘硬根直揷幽波險削面疑經巧斧修鼇柱天高殘四片羊碑峴占杳千秋鶴飛人去已寥廓目斷碧雲空自愁 On the cut-off hill, vermillion cliffs meet the blue sea.A lone summit stands in the distance near Penglai Island.Your firm roots reach straight down to the deep and perilous waters.Your carved surfaces resemble the workof a skillful axe. The pillar on the giant sea turtle, reaching to the sky, left behind four pieces.Yang’s Stele on the steep hill has remained silent for a thousand years. Cranes have flown away and people have departedinto the silent vastness. I gaze at the azure clouds. This emptiness brings sadness on its own. 千古高皐叢石勝登臨寥落九秋懷斗魁鏟彩墮滄海月宮借斧削丹崖巨溟欲泛危巒去頑骨長衝激浪排蓬島笙簫空淡佇夕陽搔首寄天涯 On the thousand-year-old highland stands the magnificent Ch’ongsŏk Pavilion.Ascending it at times,with a heart full of late autumn. The Big Dipper, like a shining spade, fell into the blue sea,and with an axe borrowed from the Moon Palace carved the vermilion cliffs. I yearn to sail across the deep sea towards perilous mountains.Firm and resolute, I push forward against the charging breakers.Penglai Island’s music of pipes, empty and bland, I await.In the sunset, I scratch my head, leaning on the horizon. 八月十五叢石夜碧空星漢淡悠悠飛騰桂影昇天滿搖漾銀光溢海浮六合孤生身一粒四仙遺躅鶴千秋白雲迢遞萬山外獨立高邱杳遠愁 On the fifteenth day of the eighth month,a night at the Ch’ongsŏk Pavilion.In the azure sky, the River of Stars shines faint and serene.The soaring reflection of the cassia-tree moon rises and fills the sky.The rippling silvery lights float on the brimming sea.Alone in the six directions, I am but a single grain.The four immortals left behindthe cranes that live for a thousand years.White clouds in the distance drift beyond ten thousand mountains.The lofty hill standing alone is immersed in remote melancholy. 雲沒秋晴淡碧層淸晨起望太陽昇光涵海宇初呑吐彩射天衢忽湧騰幽窟老龍驚火焰深林陰鬼失依憑人間昏黑從今廓欲向崦嵫爲繫繩 Cloudless clear autumn sky, a faint layer of blue.In the clear morning, I gaze as the sun rise.The light-soaked expanse of the ocean begins to spew out the sun.Colors shoot across the sky, suddenly surging and billowing.Startled, ancient dragons in hidden caves belch out flames.The ghosts of thick forestslose their places of rest.The darkness in the human worldwill now fade away. I wish to ascend Yanzi Mountainand tie you there with a rope.nzi Mountainand tie you there with a rope.)
E211 + (1. Kim Chŏng’s two quatrains “Presented to … 1. Kim Chŏng’s two quatrains “Presented to the Recluse in the Market Pak Kyegang 朴繼姜 (16th century)” 贈市隱朴繼姜 are, 看渠詩思入湖山剛壓紅塵十丈頑大隱從來非曲徑市中壼日亦仙班 I see his poetic thoughtsentering Lake Mountain,treading down on the red dustrising ten feet tall.Great hermits never take the winding paths.In the market, living inside a magic gourd,you, too, are a kind of immortal. 懶倚紗窓春日遲紅顏空老落花時世間萬事皆如此叩角狂歌誰得知 Idly, you lean on the veiled window as the spring day passes slowly.Youthful faces age in vain, and now it’s time for the flowers to fall.Myriad affairs of this world all end in this way.Strike your horn and sing madly,but who would pay attention?However, it is recorded in the Ch’ugang naenghwa (Satirical Remarks of Ch’ugang) that the second quatrain was a poem presented to a scholar named Han by a blue-robed old man during the Hongzhi reign. It must have been when Pak Kyegang visited Kim with a scroll asking for poems, and Kim wrote this poem down for fun since its meaning happened to suit Pak.un since its meaning happened to suit Pak.)
E246 + (1. Kim Ilson 金馹孫 (1464–1498; sobriquet T’a … 1. Kim Ilson 金馹孫 (1464–1498; sobriquet T’agyŏng [Washing the Hat Strings]) made a name for himself with his writings. Nam Kon often said, “The poetry of Pak Ŭn’s 朴誾 (1479–1504; sobriquet Ŭpch’wihŏn [Attracting Kingfisher Terrace]) and the prose of Kim Ilson deserve to be called a superb class.” Kim’s collection of prose is popular in the world, but his poems are rarely discussed. A regulated verse by him at Kwansu Tower in Samga prefecture, Kyŏngsang province, reads, 一縷溪村生白烟羔羊下佸謾爭先高樓樽酒東西客十里桑麻南北阡句乏有聲遊子拙杯斟無事使君賢倚欄更待黃昏後觀水仍看月到天 From a village with a threadlike stream rises white smoke.Young goats descend the hill in a flock, vying to be the first.At a tall tower, around flasks of wine, gather the guests from east and west.Along ten li, mulberry and hemp fields stretch out to north and south. Words are few, and this traveler only makes clumsy remarks.I raise my cup with a carefree heart to the prefect who is a worthy man.Leaning on the railing, I wait longer until the sun setsand gaze at the water until the moon reaches the sky. Readers can clearly see, between his poetry and prose which is better.ween his poetry and prose which is better.)
E195 + (1. Kim Sisŭp sent a letter to Yu Yangyang … 1. Kim Sisŭp sent a letter to Yu Yangyang 柳襄陽 (15th century) that contained hundreds of words. The essence of the letter is as follows: “When I was eight months old, I was able to read books, so an elderly official Ch’oe Ch’iun 崔致雲 (1390–1440) suggested that my parents name me “Sisŭp (constant practicing of learning).” At the age of three, I was able to write compositions, including phrases such as, 桃紅柳綠三春暮珠貫靑針松葉露 Peach blossoms are pink and willows green in the last of the three spring months.Like pearly beads pierced by green needlesare the dews on pine leaves. At the age of five, I had learned the Zhongyong 中庸 (Doctrine of the Mean) and the Daxue 大學 (Great Learning) from Sixth Counselor (such’an) Yi Kyejŏn 李季甸 (1404–1459). Second Assistant Master of the National Academy (saye), Cho Su 趙須 (15th century), conferred me the style name Yŏl. When Chief Minister Hŏ Cho 許稠 (1369–1439) visited me at home, he said, “I am an old man. Can you write a phrase using with the word “old” 老?” I responded to him, saying, 老木開花心不老 Flowers bloom on an old tree. Its heart is not old.Hŏ applauded and remarked, “He is what people call a child prodigy.” When King Sejong heard about me, he contacted the Royal Secretariat (taeŏnsa) and instructed the First Royal Secretary (chisinsa), Pak Ich’ang 朴以昌 (d. 1451), to test me. Holding me in his lap, Pak pointed to a landscape painting on the wall and said, “Can you compose a poem about it?” I responded, 小亭舟宅何人在 A small pavilion in a boat,who resides within?In this manner, I have created an extensive body of writings and poems.d an extensive body of writings and poems.)
E175 + (1. Presently, Im Ŏngnyŏng 林億齡 (1496–1568; … 1. Presently, Im Ŏngnyŏng 林億齡 (1496–1568; sobriquet Sŏkch’ŏn [Rock River]) is renowned for his poetry. When someone requested a poem on wine and chose the rhyme word “sweet” 甘, Im immediately responded, 老去方知此味甘 Now that I am old I realize that this wine tastes sweet.The person again chose “three” 三 as a rhyme word, and Im replied, 一盃通道不須三 With a single cup, I reach the Way, so why do I need three? Once again, the person called out “man” 男 as a rhyme word, and Im replied, 君看嵇阮陶劉李不羨公侯伯子男 Please take a look at Ji, Ruan, Tao, Liu, and Li. They did not envy dukes, marquis, earls, viscounts, or barons. These are truly amazing (ki) works. After admiring these verses, I wrote a poem using the same rhymes as a way to caution posterities. 曾聞大禹飮而甘嗜酒全身十二三勿把一盃宜戒愼須知遠色是貞男 I once heard the Great King Yu thought the wine was sweet.Lovers of wine, preserve their lives,only two or three out of ten.Don’t even take a single cup without exercising caution. Know that distancing oneself from the love of sexmakes you a true man. I have reversed the meaning of Im’s poem, but my own verse is far inferior to his., but my own verse is far inferior to his.)
E126 + (1. Prince of Talsŏng, Sŏ Kŏjŏng’s sobrique … 1. Prince of Talsŏng, Sŏ Kŏjŏng’s sobriquet was Saga (Four Excellences). His quatrain “Reading Collected Works of Wang Anshi” 讀王荊公集 reads, 杜鵑當日哭天津天下蒼生萬事新相業早知能誤世半山端合作詩人 On that day, the cuckoo cried at the Tianjin Bridge,and for the failed candidates under Heaven, all was made new.Had he known his ministerial work could ruin the world,Half Mountain would have been a perfect fit to be a poet. The poem contains much critical views (ŭiron). The last couplet of another quatrain reads, 白石細沙幽澗裏亂蟬喬木淺山中 White rocks and fine sand are in the secluded valleys.Booming cicadas and tall trees are in the low mountains.He also wrote, 一塲春夢無關鍵歸及故園山水春 I dreamed a dream of spring, and nothing was holding me back.I returned to my old garden, to the mountains and waters of spring.He also wrote, 曲欄西畔鉤簾看躑躅半開山雨來 On the west edge of the curved railing, through the curtain I gaze. Azaleas are half in bloom. A rain falls on the hills. Also, 燕子日長無客到黃薔薇下戱兒孫 The swallows grow daily, but no visitors come.Under the yellow rosebush, grandchildren are at play. His techniques (sudan) are still considered formidable (ch’ŏnjang). Even in short poems like these, his carefree and charming (hanch’wi) style is exceptional.Also, he wrote “Snow” 雪, 禪家初喜皎然至詩壘還逢白也來羞作顚狂春後絮相從淡薄臘前梅 The monks were first delighted that “Brightness” arrived.The poets then discovered that “Whiteness” had also come. Ashamed of becoming the wild catkins of late spring,you befriend the elegant plum blossoms before the year’s end.egant plum blossoms before the year’s end.)
E221 + (1. Since ancient times, China had many rec … 1. Since ancient times, China had many recluses. Some hid themselves in mountains and forests, while others mingled in cities and markets. They died in coarse garments, but their names have been passed down for tens of thousands of years. In our country, however, because of its small size, people’s heart-minds are often narrow. When discussing individuals, we t3end to focus on their pedigree. Besides the descendants of officials, rarely do we see people self-taught in writing, let alone among merchants, artisans, and commoners! Recently, there is a market town man named Pak Kyegang who gained recognition for his poetry. In the year King Chungjong returned to power, while in the company of famous literati outside Ch’angŭi Gate, Pak composed a couplet, 乾坤新雨露詩酒舊山川 Heaven and Earth are steeped in new rains and dews.Poetry and wine are shared in old mountains and rivers. People could not stop praising its beauty (mi). Kang Hon once visited Mt. Mongmyŏk with Pak and selected a rhyme word, challenging him to compose a poem. Without hesitation, Pak opened his mouth and said, 扶笻登眺渺茫間萬頃滄波萬點山口腹於吾眞一崇不將身世老江干 With a bamboo staff in hand, I ascend, gazing into the boundless expanse,ten thousand acres of blue waters, and ten thousand dots of mountains.For me, my mouth and my stomach are the only things that truly matter.They keep me from aging by the riverside. Astonished by his talent, Kang wrote the “Biography of a Recluse of a Busy Market” 市隱先生傳. Market town folks who write poems like these are rarely found in our country.ike these are rarely found in our country.)
E207 + (1. Since ancient times, it has been the ca … 1. Since ancient times, it has been the case that women’s duties in our Eastern Kingdom are limited to cooking and weaving, and literary pursuits have been considered improper. Therefore, eventhough there have been women with outstanding literary talents, they concealed them and did not fully exert themselves. How deplorable! We do not hear of any such woman writers from the Three Kingdoms period. During the five hundred years of the Koryŏ dynasty, there were only Udol 于咄 (13th century), a kisaeng from Yongsŏng, and Tonginhong 動人紅 (13th century), a kisaeng from P’aengwŏn, who knew poetry. In our dynasty, we have Lady Chŏng, Lady Sŏng, and Lady Kim. Their poems have become widely known but are soft (wiyak) and lack sufficient vigor (ki). However, Lady Chŏng’s poem, 昨夜春風入洞房一張雲錦爛紅芳此花開處聞啼鳥一詠幽姿一斷腸 Last night a spring breeze entered my nuptial chamber,bringing to my sheet of cloud brocadethe fragrances of shining pink petals.Where the flowers bloom,I hear a weeping bird,singing each tune with sequestered charms,for each broken heart. Lady’s Sŏng’s poetic lines are as follow, 眼帶雙行淚胸藏萬里心 From my eyes run two streams of tears.My bosom hides a heart that wanders a thousand li. 門外紅桃一時盡愁中白髮十分新 Outside the gate, pink peach blossoms Have withered all at once. In sorrow my gray hairs grow always anew. And Lady Kim’s poem goes as follows, 境僻人來少山深俗士稀家貧無斗酒宿客夜還歸 In this secluded place, few visitors come.In the deep mountains, worldly scholars are scarce.In my destitute home, there is no wine to offer,An overnight guest returns at night.These poems are more or less well-crafted.These poems are more or less well-crafted.)
E206 + (1. Since ancient times, it has been said t … 1. Since ancient times, it has been said that parrots can talk. In the chŏnghae year of the Yongle reign (1407; T’aejong 7), when imperial envoy and royal messenger (hŭmch’a naesa 欽差內使) Jin Shou 金壽 (15th century) and others came, the emperor gifted six cages of parrots, none of which could talk. During the Chenghua reign (r. 1464–1487; Sejo 10–Sŏngjong 18), an envoy from the Ryukyu Kingdom brought a pair of parrots, and they, too, could not talk. When Kim Chongjik saw them in the Eastern Capital, he wrote the following poem, 珍禽雙影到東陲幾伴墻烏日夜馳嗚咽只應非故土媕娿還欲學癡姬翠衿自惜菱花照紺趾難辭玉鎖縻爭似九苞丹穴鳳不言猶瑞太平時 A pair of precious birds arrived at the eastern periphery.How many crows on the walls have you befriendedthat rush day and night?You cry only becausethis isn’t your homeland.You murmur, still wishingto mimic dull-witted girls.Your emerald feathers naturally put to shameyour reflection in the floral bronze mirror.Your purple legs are hard to avoidthe chains of jades. If you try hard to imitate the nine traitsof the phoenixes of the Cinnabar Cave,without words, you still can be an omenof the time of Great Peace. can be an omenof the time of Great Peace.)
E261 + (1. Sŏ Kŏjŏng wrote a poem to match a poem … 1. Sŏ Kŏjŏng wrote a poem to match a poem by the imperial envoy Qi Shun. The poem reads, 金岩日暖初楊柳劍水春寒未杜鵑 At Golden Rock, the sun is warm,and willows begin to bud.At Sword River, the spring is cold, and cuckoos have not yet returned.Hwang Yŏhŏn 黃汝獻 (b. 1486; sobriquet Yuch’on [Willow Village]) could not stop praising the beauty of the couplet.When I told about this to Chŏng Saryong, he said, “There’s something sickly about these words. I don’t understand why it is beautiful (mi). One line is boastful and the other suppressed. The messages of the two are uneven.” After returning home, I pondered over Chŏng’s criticism. Then I realized that the parallelism (tae) in this couplet is entirely borrowed from a poetic expression (siŏ) by a Yuan dynasty poet. However, the two lines in Sŏ Kŏjŏng’s poem are entirely different from the original one. In the original one, the expressions “begin” 初 and “not yet” 未 are appropriate. But from Golden Rock to Sword River, one can leave in the morning and arrive in the evening, so how can there be a difference of “warm sun” 日暖and “cold spring” 春寒? This discrepancy can indeed be described as sickly (pyŏng) words (ŏ). Chŏng’s words should be deemed correct.). Chŏng’s words should be deemed correct.)