E071

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Sŏng Hyŏn on

Assembled Remarks of Yongjae

Compendium of Remarks on Poetry

Written by Sŏng Hyŏn, Compiled by Hong Manjong

E046, E047, E048, E049, E050, E051, E052, E053, E054, E055, E056, E057, E058, E059, E060, E061, E062, E063, E064, E065, E066, E067, E068, E069, E070, E071, E072, E073, E074, E075, E076, E077, E078, E079, E080, E081, E082, E083, E084, E085

Basic Info
Contains	C093, C094, C095, M146, M147
Mentions Person	변계량, 만우, 이숭인, 이색, 환암
Is Part Of	Assembled Remarks of Yongjae, Spring

Original Text

釋屯雨者。幻庵之高弟。自幼力學。內外經典。無不探討。精究其意。又能於詩。詩思淸絶。與牧隱陶隱諸先生相酬唱。我朝佛崇釋敎。名家子弟不得祝髮。以故緇徒無知書者。而師名益著。四方來學者如雲。集賢之士皆就問榻下。蔚爲儒釋士林之表。人皆敬之。我伯仲氏嘗讀書于檜巖寺。見師年九十餘。容貌淸癯。氣體尙强。或倂日不食。不甚飢餒。人若饋之飯。則或喫盡數鉢。亦無飽意。雖至數日。未嘗如廁。恒兀坐虛室。懸玉燈張淨几。徹夜看書。絲毫細字。一一硏究。未嘗交睫偃臥。辟人不許在旁若有所召則手擊小錚。門下隨而應之。未得高聲大喚也。日本國使僧文溪求詩。搢紳作者數十人。師亦承命賦詩。詩曰。水國古精社。洒然無位人。火馳應自息。紫主更誰親。楓岳雲生屐。盆城月滿闉風帆海天濶。梅柳古園春。時春亭主文。改酒然無位之句。爲蕭然絶世人。師曰。卞公眞不知詩者。蕭然豈如酒然。絶世豈如無位。是斲喪自然無爲之趣耳。每見文士。悵悵不已。今有千峰集行于世。

Korean Translation

중 둔우(屯雨)는 환암(幻庵 혼수(混修))의 고제(高弟)이다. 어려서부터 학업에 힘써 경전(經傳)을 탐독하지 않은 것이 없고, 그 뜻을 정밀하게 연구하였다. 또 시에도 능하여 시사(詩思)가 청절하여 목은(牧隱)ㆍ도은(陶隱) 등 선생과 더불어 서로 시를 주고 받았다. 아조(我朝)에서는 불교를 숭상하지 않아 명가의 자제는 머리를 깎을 수 없었다. 그러므로 승려로서 글을 아는 자가 없어 사(師)의 이름이 더욱 나타났으며 사방의 학자가 구름과 같이 모여들고, 집현전의 선비들도 모두 탑하(榻下)에 나아가 글을 물으니, 성대하게 유석 사림(儒釋士林)의 사표가 되어 사람들이 모두 존경하였다. 나의 백형과 중형이 일찍 회암사(檜巖寺)에서 글을 읽을 때, 사의 나이가 90여 세였는데 용모가 맑고 파리하며, 기체가 여전히 강하여 혹은 이틀쯤 밥을 먹지 않아도 그다지 배고파하지 아니하고, 사람이 밥을 올리면 혹은 몇 그릇을 다 먹되, 또한 배부른 빛이 없고 며칠이 지나도록 변소에 가지 아니하며, 항상 빈 방에 우뚝 앉아서 옥등을 달고 깨끗한 책상을 놓고, 밤새도록 책을 보아 작은 글자까지 하나하나 연구하며 졸거나 드러눕는 일이 없으며, 사람을 물리쳐 옆에 있는 것을 허락하지 아니하고, 부를 일이 있으면 손으로 소쟁(小錚)을 쳐서 제자들이 수응하도록 하였으며, 큰소리를 지르지 아니하였다. 일본 국사인 중 문계(文溪)가 시를 구하여 진신(縉紳) 중에서 시를 지은 사람이 수십 명이나 되었는데, 사도 또한 명을 받들어 시를 지었다. 그 시에, 수국고정 / 水國古精 상쾌한 무위의 사람이로다 / 灑然無位人 빨리 달리는 것도 응당 스스로 그칠 것이요 / 火馳應自息 고목처럼 섰으니 다시 누구와 친하리오 / 柴立更誰親 풍악에는 구름이 발 아래에서 일고 / 楓岳雲生屨 분성에는 달빛이 성문에 가득하도다 / 盆城月滿闉 바람 맞은 돛은 해천이 넓고 / 風帆海天闊 매류는 고원의 봄이로구나 / 梅柳故園春 하였다. 당시에 춘정(春亭)이 문형(文衡)을 주관(主管)하였는데, 쇄연무위(灑然無位)의 글귀를 고쳐서 “소연절세인(蕭然絶世人 쓸쓸히 세상과 인연을 끊은 사람)이라 하니, 스승이 말하기를, “변공(卞公)은 참으로 시를 모르는 사람이로다. 소연(蕭然)이 어찌 쇄연(灑然)만 하며, 절세(絶世)가 어찌 무위(無位)만 하겠는가. 이것은 자연무위(自然無爲)의 뜻을 깎아 없앨 뿐이로다.”하고, 항상 문사를 보면 섭섭해 마지않았다. 지금 천봉집(千峯集)이 세상에 전해진다.

English Translation

Monk Manu 萬雨 (b. 1357) was a leading disciple of Hwanam 幻庵 (1320–1392). From childhood, he devoted himself to studying, leaving no inner and outer canons left unprobed. He meticulously investigated their meanings. He was also skilled in composing poetry. His poetic thoughts (sisa) were exceptionally pure (ch’ŏngjŏl). He exchanged poems with Yi Saek and Yi Sungin 李崇仁 (1347–1392; sobriquet Toŭn [Potter Recluse]). Because the present dynasty does not uphold Buddhist teachings, children from influential families were unable to enter the Buddhist order. However, as Manu’s fame spread, scholars from far and wide gathered around him like clouds. Even the scholars of the Hall of Worthies (Chiphyŏnjŏn) sought his advice, sitting at his feet. Seeing how he brought together Confucians, Buddhists, and forest of scholars alike, all people admired him.My eldest and second eldest brothers used to study at Hoeam Monastery. When they saw Master Manu, he was over ninety years old. His appearance was clear and thin, and his vigor and body were still strong. Sometimes he would go without eating for two days, yet he felt no hunger. When food was presented to him food, he could consume several bowls, yet he showed no signs of being full. And for a few days, he did not use the toilet. He always sat upright in an empty room with just a lamp and a desk. He perused books all through the night and meticulously studying every word, no matter how small. Every single word became an object of his investigation. He never succumbed to sleep or lay down. He kept away from people and did not allow anyone to be near him. To summon a person, he would strike a small gong. When the disciples responded to it, he never called them in a loud voice. When the Japanese emissary, Monk Bunkei 文溪 (15th century), requested poems from several dozens of officials, Master Manu also responded to the court’s order and composed the following poem. 水國古精社灑然無位人火馳應自息柴立更誰親楓岳雲生屨盆城月滿闉風帆海天闊梅柳故園春 From an ancient monastery in the land of watercomes a carefree man without an office.Blazing gallops shall come to rest.Standing tall like a tree, who could be your friend?At the P’ungak Mountains, clouds rise under the straw sandals. At Punsŏng, the moon fills the city gate.Your sail rides the wind into the vast ocean and sky.Plum blossoms and willows, my old garden is in spring. Pyŏn Kyeryang, judging in the capacity of the Director of the Office of Degrees, changed the line “a carefree man without an office” from Manu’s poem to “a solitary man separated from the world” 蕭然絶世人. In response, the master said, “Official Pyŏn truly knows nothing about poetry. How is ‘solitary’ as good as ‘carefree’ and ‘separated from the world’ as good as ‘without an office’? These changes destroy the poem’s spontaneous (chayŏn) and uncontrived (muwi) charm (ch’wi)!” Every time he met scholars, he felt greatly disappointed. His literary collection, Ch’ŏnbong chip 千峯集 (Collected Works of Ch’ŏnbong), circulates in the world.

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