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E612 + (Cho Unhŭl (sobriquet Sŏkkan [Rocky Brook]) … Cho Unhŭl (sobriquet Sŏkkan [Rocky Brook]) of the Koryŏ dynasty had already reached a high office, but in old age in order to enjoy life, he feigned insanity and requested to be a manager at Sap’yŏng Government Hostel. 柴門日午喚人開步出林亭坐石苔昨夜山中風雨惡滿溪流水泛花來 At midday, I summon a servant to open the bramble gate.Stepping out into a pavilion in the forest,I sit on a mossy rock.Last night in the mountains, the winds and rains were fierce.In the overflowing stream, fallen petals come drifting down. stream, fallen petals come drifting down.)
E620 + (Cho Wi and Yu Hoin both had great reputati … Cho Wi and Yu Hoin both had great reputation in their time, but they were not on a par with Chŏng Hŭiryang. His poem “Hondon Wine Song” 渾沌酒歌 is excellent and is very similar to Su Shi’s. For example, the phrase, 片月照心臨故國殘星隨夢落邊城 A crescent moon that reflects my heart arrives in my homeland.A dimming star that follows my dream falls over the border town. is especially spirited and easy (sinil). And his phrase, 客裏偶逢寒食雨夢中猶憶故園春 On the traveler’s road, I meet a rain on the day of the Cold Food Festival.In dream, I still recall the springtime in my old garden. has the elegant sound (aun) of mid-Tang poetry. And his phrase, 春不見花唯見雪地無來雁況來人 In spring, I see no flowers, but only snow.On land where no geese have come, let alone people. though unpolished (sang chot’ak), also has much sentiment (tajŏng).hot’ak), also has much sentiment (tajŏng).)
E648 + (Cho Wihan 趙緯韓 (1567–1649; styled Chise) of … Cho Wihan 趙緯韓 (1567–1649; styled Chise) often said, “The place names of our country sound inelegant (pur’a) in poems. For example, [a phrase in a poem by Meng Haoran], 氣蒸雲夢澤波撼岳陽城 Mists rise from Cloud Dream Pond.Waves shake Mountain Sun City.in the total of ten characters, six characters are for place names and only four other characters were added. Only the two characters, ‘rise’ and ‘shake,’ involved any work. Is it not effort-saving?” While his saying seems to be reasonable, No Susin’s poems, 路盡平丘驛江深判事亭 The road ends at Flat Hill Post.The river deepens at Judge’s Pavilion. 柳暗靑坡晩天晴白嶽春 The willows are dim in the evening at Green Hill.The sky is clear in spring at White Mountain.are also really excellent (suho). It is all in the wonder of wordsmithing. What is the harm in turning iron into gold?hat is the harm in turning iron into gold?)
E519 + (Cho Wŏn’s concubine, Lady Yi, was good at … Cho Wŏn’s concubine, Lady Yi, was good at prose. There was a village woman whose husband was accused of stealing an ox. At the end of a written complaint Lady Yi composed for her, it reads, “I am not Weaver Maiden. How can my husband be Ox Herder?” When the prefect (t’aesu) read it, he was astounded and released the man in the end. According to the Yaoshantang ji 堯山堂記 (Records from the Hall of Yaoshan), when Li Bai had yet to be well known, he drove an ox and passed by county magistrate’s hall. The magistrate’s wife angrily reproached him. Li then presented a poem to her as an apology and said, 若非是織女何得問牽牛 If you are not Weaver Maiden,why would you inquire Ox Herder? The magistrate was amazed by him. These lines are also found in the Shixue dacheng (The Great Accomplishments in the Study of Poetry), and applying them to the ox theft is delightful (kahŭi).hem to the ox theft is delightful (kahŭi).)
E069 + (Chŏn Mok 全穆 (15th century) was in love wit … Chŏn Mok 全穆 (15th century) was in love with Kŭmnan 金蘭 (Golden Orchid), a kisaeng from Ch’ungju. When Chŏn was heading back to the capital, he warned Kŭmnan, saying, “Be careful about letting others get close to you.” Kŭmnan replied, “Though Mount Wŏrak were to fall, my love for you would never change.” Later, Kŭmnan fell in love with a clerk at Tanwŏl station. Getting a wind of this, Chŏn sent the following poem to her, 聞汝便憐斷月丞夜深常向驛奔騰何時手執三稜杖歸問心期月嶽崩 I hear you have fallen in love with a clerk at Tanwŏl. Late at night you alwaysrush to the posthouse.When will I clutch a triangular baton and return to ask you if Mount Wŏrak had fallen? Kŭmnan replied, 北有全君南有丞妾心無定似雲騰若將盟誓山如變月嶽于今幾度崩 In the north, there is Mr. Chŏn, in the south, a clerk.My heart is as unsettled as billowing clouds. If a pledge could truly causethe mountain to change,just how many times by now would Mount Wŏrak have fallen? Both poems were the works of Yang Yŏgong 梁汝恭 (1378–1433). the works of Yang Yŏgong 梁汝恭 (1378–1433).)
E454 + (Chŏn Uch’i’s 田禹治 (16th century) poem reads … Chŏn Uch’i’s 田禹治 (16th century) poem reads, 紫蛙周禮正王法南相文章真伊周璞亦璞鼠亦璞隋珠珠魚目珠蠣蜓嘲龍真龍羞山人掉頭歸去早桂樹丹崖風月好 As per the rites of Zhou, purple and the frog were rectified by the kingly law.Minister Nam’s writings are truly match up to Yi Yin and Duke of Zhou.Jade was jade. The rat was also jade.The Marquis of Sui was a pearl. An eye of a fish was also a pearl.After seeing a lizard, people laughed at the dragon, and the true dragon felt ashamed. The mountain hermit turns around and returns home before time.A cassia tree stands on the red cliff, and the wind and moon are excellent. Minister Nam refers to Nam Kon. The poetic expression (siŏ) is truly unique (ki).tic expression (siŏ) is truly unique (ki).)
E490 + (Chŏng Chisŭng’s 鄭之升 (1550–1589) poem reads … Chŏng Chisŭng’s 鄭之升 (1550–1589) poem reads, 草入王孫恨花添杜宇愁汀洲人不見風動木蘭舟 When grasses sprout, you regret.When flowers bloom, cuckoos worry.On the islet, there is no one.The wind moves the magnolia boat. When it was blended in an anthology of Tang poetry and shown to Chŏ Kyŏngch’ang and others, all could not tell it apart. He also wrote this striking verse (kyŏnggu), 南貧置酒朝醺足北富熏天夜笛高 Poor in the south, I set up wine and got quite drunk by morning.Affluent in the north, with soaring vigor I heartily play the flute at night. vigor I heartily play the flute at night.)
E661 + (Chŏng Ch’ŏl was good at writing folk songs … Chŏng Ch’ŏl was good at writing folk songs. His “Song of Longing for the Fair Lady” 思美人曲 and “Offering a Toast” 勸酒辭 are all clear and robust (ch’ŏngjang), pleasing to the ear. While those with different views denounce him as evil, his literary talent and refinement cannot be denied. Everywhere there are people who cherish him. Kwŏn P’il, when passing by his tomb, wrote a poem, 空山木落雨蕭蕭相國風流此寂寥惆悵一杯難更進昔年歌曲卽今朝 In an empty mountain covered in fallen leaves, a rain sprinkles gently.The minister’s merry-making here lies in silence.Ah! Another cup of wine I can offer you no more!Your song of that bygone year was written for a day like this. Yi Annul’s poem “Listening to a Song on the River” 江上聞歌 reads, 江頭誰唱美人辭正是江頭月落時惆悵戀君無恨意世間唯有女郞知 By the river, who is singing the Song of a Fair Ladyjust when over the river the moon is setting? Ah! Her longing for him,that boundless meaning, in this world only she knows. Both poems were inspired by his song.ws. Both poems were inspired by his song.)
E814 + (Chŏng Ch’ŏl was most skilled in quatrains. … Chŏng Ch’ŏl was most skilled in quatrains. For example, his seven-character quatrains, 無端十月咸山菊 For no reason, in the tenth month, wild chrysanthemums are everywhere. 杜宇一聲山竹裂 At the cry of a cuckoo, the mountain bamboo cracks.and his five-character quatrains, 我欲過江去 I wish to go beyond the river. 寒雨夜鳴竹 In the cold rain, bamboos howl through the night. are all exceptional (chŏlga).h the night. are all exceptional (chŏlga).)
E709 + (Chŏng Ch’ŏl’s poem “Nangmin Tower” 樂民樓 rea … Chŏng Ch’ŏl’s poem “Nangmin Tower” 樂民樓 reads, 白岳連天起城川入海遙年年芳草路人渡夕陽橋 Paegak Mountain rises to the sky.Sŏng River reaches far into the sea.Year after year, fragrant plants grow on the road. People cross the sunset bridge. People call this a poetic masterpiece (chŏlch’ang). Yet in my opinion, in view of Nangmin Tower and Manse Bridge which are powerful and imposing structures, the language in the final lines is too shallow. It even reads like a poem on the past ruins, how could this then be considered a masterpiece (chŏlch’ang)? Those with discerning eyes should easily realize this.iscerning eyes should easily realize this.)
E423 + (Chŏng Hongik’s 鄭弘翼 (1571–1626) poem “Compo … Chŏng Hongik’s 鄭弘翼 (1571–1626) poem “Composed on the Road” 途中作 said, 危言慚佛骨客路半朝陽 As for candid words, I am humbled by the Memorial on the Buddha’s Bone.As for exile, I am only halfway to Chaoyang. The language also is charming (yuch’i) and chantable (kayŏng). charming (yuch’i) and chantable (kayŏng).)
E606 + (Chŏng Mongju was not only the best of his … Chŏng Mongju was not only the best of his time for his knowledge of Neo-Confucian learning and moral integrity, but his writing also was bold and untrammelled (hobang) and exceptional (kŏlch’ul). A poem he composed in Northern Frontier Pass said, 定州重九登高處依舊黃花照眼明浦漵南連宣德鎭峯巒北倚女眞城百年戰國興亡事萬里征夫慷慨情酒罷元戎扶上馬淺山斜日照行旌 At Chŏngju, on the Double Ninth Day, I ascend the high place.As of old, yellow chrysanthemums glow brightly in my eyes.To the south, rivers lead to Sŏndŏk Garrison.To the north, ridges and peaks lean on Jurchen City.A hundred years of warcontinues with the state’s rise and fall.A soldier thousands of li away overflows with sentiment.After wine, the commander is carried back to his horse.Over the low hills, the setting sun lights up his official banner. The sound and rhythm (ŭmjŏl) flow freely, and the poem has the style (p’ungkyŏk) of High Tang. He also wrote, 風流太守二千石邂逅故人三百杯 The prefect who likes to make merry earns two thousand bushels of rice.Running into a friend, he consumes three hundred cups of wine. 客子未歸逢燕子杏花才落又桃花 Still a traveler, yet to return, I come upon the swallows.Apricot blossoms have just fallen, and now peach blossoms fall. 梅窓春色早板屋雨聲多 Spring colors arrive early to the plum window.Rain sounds are loud at the plank house.They are all elegant (p’yŏnp’yŏn) and bold (hogŏ) just like his person.yŏn) and bold (hogŏ) just like his person.)
E607 + (Chŏng Mongju’s poem, 江南女兒花揷頭笑呼伴侶游芳洲盪槳歸來日欲暮 … Chŏng Mongju’s poem, 江南女兒花揷頭笑呼伴侶游芳洲盪槳歸來日欲暮鴛鴦雙飛無限愁 The girl from Jiangnan wears a flower in her hair.Laughing with a friend, she visits the fragrant islet.Pushing the oars, they return when the sun is about to set.A pair of Mandarin Ducks soar spurring boundless sadness. His bold and unrestrained (hot’ang) sense of refinement (p’ungnyu) is illuminated through a thousand years. The poem also closely resembles Music Bureau poetry.lso closely resembles Music Bureau poetry.)
E442 + (Chŏng Mongju’s “A Poem of a Soldier’s Wife … Chŏng Mongju’s “A Poem of a Soldier’s Wife” 征婦詞 said, 一別年多消息稀塞垣存沒有誰知今朝始寄寒衣去泣送歸時在腹兒 Many years have passed since our parting and the news are few.Whether you’re alive or dead at the frontier,who would know? This morning I started packingwinter clothes to send you. When I returned from seeing you off with tears, I had a child in my womb. The poem’s last line is excellent (ka) but the beginning line is really bad (ryŏl). It certainly is not Tang style (cho).ŏl). It certainly is not Tang style (cho).)
E503 + (Chŏng Munbu 鄭文孚 (1565–1624) was Magistrate … Chŏng Munbu 鄭文孚 (1565–1624) was Magistrate (moksa) of Kilchu when he passed Hoeyang, and it happened to be the New Year’s Day. Hungry and cold from the journey, he wished to buy wine on credit, but the locals did not let him. So he wrote the following poem, 淮陽不薄人情薄鐵嶺非高酒價高 Hoeyang is not small but its people’s generosity is small.Ch’ŏllyŏng is not high but its wine price is high.ng is not high but its wine price is high.)
E373 + (Chŏng Saryong once wrote three poems, “Sou … Chŏng Saryong once wrote three poems, “South River” 南江, “Standing Rock” 立石, and “Turtle Rock” 龜岩. They were based on what he saw at Haesan Pavilion. My late father obtained the poems from Magistrate (moksa) Pak of Wŏnju in Kangwŏn province and hung the plaques at the pavilion. The poem “South River” reads, 壯游窮後浦佳賞復南江跋扈魚跳一衝人雁起雙雲開天縱岳蓬缺日烘窓晚酌成堪醉羈愁又受降 After a magnificent journey, I walk to the shoreand admired again the beautiful scenery of South River.Escaping the trap, a fish leaps.Charging ahead people, a pair of geese takes off.Clouds clear and reveal towering mountains in the sky.Where there is no peak, the sun blazes on windows. After an evening wine, I become quite drunk.My traveler’s sadness has again dwindled away. “Standing Rock” reads, 夸娥剞劂移山岳雪矗雲堆擲海中虎攫龍挐人偶立未應叢石擅奇功 Kua’e chopped the rockand moved you from the mountain.Snows swelled and clouds gathered,and it was thrown in the middle of the sea.Tigers clutch it. Dragons wrestle it.Humans stand before it.Never a cluster of rock could surpass this wondrous work. “Turtle Rock” reads, 驅馳天畔少知音感激登樓動越吟回首龜峰碧雲合日邊無事獨關心 Galloping on horse to the world’s end, I have few who understands my sound.The emotion after ascending the towermoves me to chant the songs of Yue.Turning around, I see the Turtle Peak merging with azure clouds.There are no troubles by the sun’s side, yet I alone have worries. the sun’s side, yet I alone have worries.)
E627 + (Chŏng Saryong rarely esteemed others and o … Chŏng Saryong rarely esteemed others and only liked Pak Sang’s poetry. He once wrote on the wall the following phrases by Pak, 西北二江流太古東南雙嶺鑿新羅 To the west and north, two rivers have run since time immemorial.To the east and south, twin mountains open up to Silla. 彈琴人去鶴邊月吹笛客來松下風 The zither player has leftriding a crane to the moon.The flute playing guest has arrived into the breeze under the pine. He then let out a sigh, thinking he could never reach such level. He also said, “This phrase by Hŏ Chong, 野路欲昏牛獨返江雲將雨燕低飛 The field paths are about to dim. An ox returns alone.River clouds are about to rain. Swallows glide low. is comparable to this phrase by Kang Hon, 紫燕交飛風拂柳靑蛙亂叫雨昏山 Purple swallows glide in pair. A breeze sways the willows.Green frogs croak loudly. A rain dims the mountains.”At the time, people said since Sin Kwanghan was good at all poetic forms and Chŏng Saryong only good at seven-character regulated poems, Chŏng could not match up to Sin. Chŏng said, “How could Sin’s poems in all forms match my one regulated verse?” Such was his self-confidence.ated verse?” Such was his self-confidence.)
E102 + (Chŏng Saryong 鄭士龍 (1491–1570; styled Un’gy … Chŏng Saryong 鄭士龍 (1491–1570; styled Un’gyŏng) was once sent on an official mission to Kyŏngsang province. There he fell in love with a kisaeng from Ch’angwŏn. Later, when they had to part ways at a posthouse, Chŏng wrote a poem in a hidden place between the columns. One of the lines in the poem read, 斷盡愁腸無一寸檜山情刃太尖銛 Broken completely by sorrow, this heart is no more.Hoesan’s knife of love is too sharply piercing. Governor (kwanch’alsa) Kwŏn Minsu 權敏手 (1466–1517), who was also visiting Kyŏngsang province on an official mission, followed on Chŏng’s heels and arrived at the posthouse. He saw the writing between the columns. The ink had not yet dried, so he reckoned that it was written by Chŏng. When he met Chŏng, he remarked, “In poetry, one values grief but should not let it harm oneself excessively. Your poem about Hoesan, wouldn’t you call it excessive harm?” Startled, Chŏng couldn’t help but burst into laughter.ŏng couldn’t help but burst into laughter.)
E628 + (Chŏng Saryong’s poem on Hwangsan station s … Chŏng Saryong’s poem on Hwangsan station said, 昔年窮寇此殲亡鏖戰神鋒繞紫芒漢幟豎痕留石縫斑衣漬血染霞光商聲帶殺林巒肅鬼燐憑陰堞壘荒東土免魚由禹力小臣摹日敢揄揚 Tottering foes of the past were destroyed in this place. Divine swords that fiercely fought are now covered in purple plants. The traces left by raised Han banners remain on the rocks’ cracks. Colorful clothes stained in blood are washed in evening glow.Autumn tunes carry fatal air. Forests and hills are solemn. Ghost lights dwell in the shade. Battlements and ramparts are desolate. People of the East Land escaped fish’s fate, thanks to the merit of Great Yu. This humble servant describes the sun, daring to offer him praise. Outstanding (kigŏl), simple and weighty (honjung), this is truly an amazing (ki) work. Wu Mingji 吳明濟 (16th century) from Zhejiang read it and commented, “He had a talent for slaughtering dragons, but instead he slaughtered dogs. How pitiful!” This probably was because Chŏng did not imitate Tang poetry (haktang). Yet how could he be so underrated?ktang). Yet how could he be so underrated?)
E542 + (Chŏng Saryong’s poem reads, 塞草茫茫塞日沈離家均惱去留心 … Chŏng Saryong’s poem reads, 塞草茫茫塞日沈離家均惱去留心向來制淚吾差熟今日當筵自不禁 Frontier grasses are boundless. Frontier sun goes down.Away from home, I am troubled with a wavering heart. By now I have become rather good at holding back my tears.But today, facing the banquet, I cannot help myself. Probably, he used the meaning in Li Shangyin’s poem, 三年已制思鄉淚更入東風恐不禁 For three years I have held back tears of missing home.Yet when the east wind arrives, I’m afraid I cannot help. Chŏng’s poem is not bad, but at first glance one can tell it is not from the Tang. The ancients said, “The Tang has its own melody,” and it is true. Tang has its own melody,” and it is true.)
E798 + (Chŏng Tugyŏng once told me about his trave … Chŏng Tugyŏng once told me about his travel to the mountains in Kangwŏn province and how there he saw a poem written on a cliff, which said, 靑天劍戟雲間峰白日雷霆石上瀑 In the blue sky, like swords and spikes,are the mountain peaks among the clouds.In a bright day, like a thunder,rolls the cascade over the boulders. The expressions are truly excellent. It is a pity that we do not know the name of the poet. I also saw a quatrain on a rock at Hwanggan’s Cold Fountain. 當時駕鶴是吾家一笛重來歲幾多堪恨人間風雨惡八區奇石半消磨 When I flew away on a craneit was from my home.Coming again with a bamboo flute,O, how many years have passed!I deeply loathe the human world’sdreadful wind and rain.All over the world, precious rocksare half worn down. It looks like a poem by a former governor. The expression and meaning (ŏŭi) imply satire (p’ung), and the poem is chantable (kayŏng). It is a pity that we do not know whose poem it is.pity that we do not know whose poem it is.)
E845 + (Chŏng Tugyŏng was a late bloomer but none … Chŏng Tugyŏng was a late bloomer but none could contend with him. Chang Yu always said, “When I hear that Chŏng’s poem is coming, it is like a crashing thunder that makes people fearful.” Chang himself wrote on the wall striking verses (kyŏnggu) by Chŏng and looked at them. When King Hyojong was a crown prince, he also had Chŏng’s quatrain “At Ch’ŏn Mountain, the moon is rising through the thick ocean clouds” 天山月初海雲深 fixed to the wall for perusing. Five-character regulated verses and seven-character quatrains were both his strengths, and his seven-character free style poems (gexing), resembling the works by Li Bai and Du Fu, were unprecedented in our country. I once wrote a quatrain as a eulogy to Chŏng. 工部之詩太史文一人兼二古無聞雷霆霹靂來驚耳溪谷先生昔所云 Du Fu’s poetry and Sima Qian’s prose.The two in one person has never been heard of.“A crashing thunder comes to shock the ears,”Master Kyegok said so in the past. What I recorded is true. It is commendable that Chŏng’s official prose (xingwen) and parallel prose were also unique and robust (kigŏn).prose were also unique and robust (kigŏn).)
E727 + (Chŏng Tugyŏng’s poem “Climbing to Nŭnghan … Chŏng Tugyŏng’s poem “Climbing to Nŭnghan Mountain Fortress” 登凌漢山城 reads, 山勢崚嶒地勢孤眼前空闊九州無樓看赤日東臨海城到靑天北備胡共賀使君兼大將何勞一卒敵千夫鯨鯢寂寞風濤穩朱雀門開醉酒徒 Steep mountains and hidden terrains,in the boundless openness before my eyes,nine provinces disappear.On the tower, I watch the red sun verging on the sea in the east.The fortress reaches the blue sky guarding from the Manchus in the north.Together we congratulate the governor who also is a great general.How can we thank him enough for defeating a thousand enemies with one soldier! Great whales are now silent. Surging waves have calmed. Open wide the Gate of Vermilion Birds! Let wine lovers drink to their hearts’ content! The strong (changgŏn) vigor of his writing (p’illyŏk) is unsurpassed. I once asked Chŏng, “If you compare your poems to ancient works, which poet’s works would they be?” Chŏng laughed and said, “I dare not compare myself to Li Bai and Du Fu. But I would say I can perhaps stand shoulder to shoulder with Gao Shi and Cen Shen.” His quatrain “Ch’ŏngsim Tower” 淸心樓 reads, 送客高樓秋夜闌一雙白鷺在前灘酒酣起望蒼蒼色月落江淸霜露寒 I bid you farewell at a tall tower, in an autumn night by the balustrade.A pair of white herons are in the riverbank ahead.Slightly tipsy, I rise and gaze at the hue of dark blue.The moon is setting, the river clear, the frost cold. Rhyming and meters are lofty (kojŏl) and refreshing (ch’ŏngsang), evoking Li Bai. In my opinion, Chŏng can surpass Gao and Cen.my opinion, Chŏng can surpass Gao and Cen.)
E461 + (Chŏng Yŏch’ang’s 鄭汝昌 (1450–1504; sobriquet … Chŏng Yŏch’ang’s 鄭汝昌 (1450–1504; sobriquet Iltu [One Moth]) poem “Agyang Tower” 岳陽樓 says, 風蒲獵獵弄輕柔四月花開麥已秋看盡頭流千萬疊孤舟又下大江流 The winds on the reeds swish, swish, playing ever so gently.In the fourth month, in Hwagae and the barley are already ripe.I have seen Turyu Mountain,its ridges numbering thousands.In a lonely boat, I again drift down the great river. We can see his air (kisang). Agyang and Hwagae are both placenames in Chinju, Kyŏngsang province. placenames in Chinju, Kyŏngsang province.)
E499 + (Chŏng Ŏnnul 鄭彥訥 (1545–1612) was knowledgea … Chŏng Ŏnnul 鄭彥訥 (1545–1612) was knowledgeable in classics and history. Born ill-fated, he did not pass the examination and begged for food in the capital. His poem said, 飲中千日少亂後一身多 When drunk, even a thousand days is short.After the war, even my own body is burdensome. He also wrote, 怪石夜能虎孤松秋欲弦 At night, grotesque rocks can become tigers.In the fall, a lone pine wishes to become a zither.He was so destitute.es to become a zither.He was so destitute.)

C047 + (Chŏng’s and Kwak’s poems are euphemistic (miwan).)

E883 + (Ch’a Ch’ŏllo was extremely gifted. Speakin … Ch’a Ch’ŏllo was extremely gifted. Speaking of Cha’s impromptu poem, 華山北骨盤三角漢水東心出五臺無端歲月英雄過有此江山宇宙來 To the north of Hwa Mountain,Three Peaks Mountain coils.To the east of the Han River,Five Platforms Mountain rises.Time passes endlessly.Heroes depart.These rivers and mountainsare from Heaven and Earth.Chŏng Tugyŏng remarked, “He is a unique talent (kijae) in the world.” Once when Yi I was in the suburb by the river, Ch’a happened to be there also. Yi chose a rhyme word and Ch’a immediately responded in voice. 風健牙檣千尺直月明漁笛數聲圓 In the strong wind, the ivory maststretches straight a thousand feet high.Under the bright moon, the fisherman’s fluteplays round melodious tunes. Kim Sanghŏn also said, “Even Du Fu cannot surpass Ch’a in poetic achievements. For example, how can a line like, 餘寒冰結失江聲 In the lingering cold, ice is formedand the river loses its voice.be spoken by a present-day person?” voice.be spoken by a present-day person?”)
E822 + (Ch’a Ch’ŏllo’s poems poured out without st … Ch’a Ch’ŏllo’s poems poured out without stop. Sometimes, in one night, he would write over one hundred poems and make them into a book. Maybe he entered into a screen, took off his outer garment and leapt about, then composed a poem and cast it out from the screen, and in just a short time both the poem and the screen were ready. Once, when he went to Japan on a diplomatic mission, the Japanese had set up patterned white silk as a mosquito net which was several houses wide. In one night, Ch’a freely wrote poems of all styles (ch’e) all over the net. When the Japanese changed the net, he did it again. He did it a third time then stopped. When he examined the poems the next day, he expressed regrets because the poems contained many flaws. He himself said, “Paste paper over the Great Wall of China and allow me to write rapidly on it. The wall will end, but my poems will know no end.” Ch’a proudly believed that he possessed the vital energy of Heaven and Earth. Like furiously roaring Xiang Yu who withstood ten thousand people alone, who could stand against him! But he produced few dragons and many earthworms, and passing his poems down to posterity was in fact difficult. For example, his poem “When sad, I come and stand in Zhongxuan Tower 愁來徙倚仲宣樓” has been relished (hoeja) by people. Yet it also contains many flaws (chabyŏng), and its defects and fineness do not offset each other. His other poems were all similar to this. His other poems were all similar to this.)
E538 + (Ch’a Ch’ŏllo’s writings were robust (unggŏ … Ch’a Ch’ŏllo’s writings were robust (unggŏn) and unique (kijang) and did not focus on refinement (chŏngnyŏn). Like long rivers and great seas, the more he poured out, the more boundless his writings became. He was especially good at composition with contrast. When he was young, he saw people cutting rocks to make a bridge in Song Stream and wrote a poem, 靑山飛禹斧白石落秦鞭 In the green mountains Yu’s axe flies.On the white rocks Qin’s whip falls. These are rare words in both past and present. Once he visited Japan as part of a goodwill mission and wrote over four thousand poems. One couplet from them reads, 天連魯叟乘桴海地接秦童采藥山 Heaven bonds with the old man of Lu riding a raft on the sea.Earth joins with the children of Qin picking herbs in mountains. He also said, 東海波翻六鰲島北溟風立大鵬雲 In the East Sea, waves roll as six tortoises carry the island. In the North Sea, winds rise as the great roc rides the wind. We can see a glimpse of his poetry. wind. We can see a glimpse of his poetry.)
E558 + (Ch’ae Su had a grandson named Muil 蔡無逸 (14 … Ch’ae Su had a grandson named Muil 蔡無逸 (1496–1556), who was only five or six years old at that time. At night, in bed with Muil in his arms, Ch’oe first composed a line, 孫子夜夜讀書不 Grandson, every night do you read or not?and had Muil compose a matching line. Muil matched it and said, 祖父朝朝飲酒猛 Grandpa, every morning you drink wine wildly.Later, while carrying Muil on his back and walking in the snow, Ch’oe composed a line, 犬走梅花落 A dog runs by—every step plum blossoms. As soon as he had finished speaking, Muil matched it, 雞行竹葉成 A chicken walks around—every step, bamboo leaves.en walks around—every step, bamboo leaves.)
E846 + (Ch’ae Yuhu (sobriquet Hoju [Lake Islet]) a … Ch’ae Yuhu (sobriquet Hoju [Lake Islet]) and Chŏng Tugyŏng entered the Examination Bureau at the same time. As a Fourth Censor (chŏngŏn), Chŏng could not be involved in examinations. At times, when he had a chance to read unsuccessful examination papers, he would praise them as exceptional works, thus criticizing Ch’ae’s mistakes in grading. Feeling much disturbed, Ch’ae said to Chŏng, “Although I am not a good writer, I was given the authority to evaluate the examinations. Although you are a good writer, your position is a censor. Therefore, it is not appropriate for you to meddle with my affairs.” Chŏng became furious and grabbed Ch’ae’s beard and shouted out, “Paekch’ang! You happened to have read the Tongch’aek 東策 (The Sample Examination Writings of the East) and became the Examination Master. Good for you! When I see your literary judgments, they are like rotten rats. How dare you threaten me!” Ch’ae laughed and empathized with Chŏng. Ch’ae then asked for wine to be brought and invited Chŏng to drink and write a poem. It happened to be the tenth month. There was a big thunderstorm, and a second-stage Metropolitan Examination (hoesi) was being held. Chŏng picked up the brush and wrote a poem, but unable to compose a poem in response, Ch’ae put down the brush. Chŏng’s poem said, 白岳玄雲一萬重夜來寒雨滿池中傍人莫怪冬雷動三十三魚變作龍 At Paegak Mountain, dark clouds are ten thousand layers thick.At night came a cold rain and filled up the pond.Passersby! Don’t think strange of a thunder on a winter’s day!Thirty-three fish are transforming into dragons. When King Hyojong heard the poem, he praised it and said, “This poem is enough to clear up his mistake.”s poem is enough to clear up his mistake.”)
E725 + (Ch’ae Yuhu 蔡裕後 (1599–1660; sobriquet Hoju … Ch’ae Yuhu 蔡裕後 (1599–1660; sobriquet Hoju [Lake Islet]) once visited East Lake’s Togŭm. While cruising in the same boat with Royal Secretary (sŭngji) Yi Wŏnjin 李元鎭 (1594–1665), inebriated Ch’ae accidentally fell in the river. Yi quickly rescued him, then Ch’ae recited the following quatrain, 但覺酒杯淺不知江水深舟中李膺在肯使屈原沈 I just thought the wine chalice was shallowand didn’t realize the river was deep.Had Li Ying been on the boat,how could he have let Qu Yuan to drown?Everyone said it was an excellent (ka) poem. Some say that Ch’ae had composed the poem earlier and deliberately fell in the water, adding to the poets’ repertoire of comic stories.Original Annotation: Togŭm (A place name).Original Annotation: Togŭm (A place name))
E573 + (Ch’oe Inbŏm 崔仁範 (16th century), styled Tŏk … Ch’oe Inbŏm 崔仁範 (16th century), styled Tŏkkyu, was my childhood friend. He was good at composition and his description verged on antiquity (kŭn’go). At the court examination, he composed “A Rhapsody on Crossing the River on a Boat” 濟川舟楫賦, which became known throughout the world. It was also not a common examination composition. Since youth, he concentrated on becoming skillful in poetry. He disdained examination writings and died not long after passing the examination. During the Imjin War his posthumous writings were scattered and lost, and today not even a very little of them remains. I only remember one poem he himself took pride in. The poem said, 喚做舍僧頑似吏賒來村馬弱如驢 What is called a monk is as stupid as an official.The villager’s horse bought on credit is as weak as a donkey. It also said, 過雨山坡無舊路逢年澤國有新村 After a passing rain, on the hillocks old paths are no more.In a bounty year, in the wetlands new villages are formed. At the time I was still young and did not understand the artistry in the poem. Someone showed four poems with four rhymes by Ch’oe to Hŏ Pong, and Hŏ said, “Of the four poems, three deserved to be included in the Tongmunsŏn (Anthology of Eastern Literature).” Hŏ is a man of great pride, so he must be thorough when he comments on poems. From this we can reckon that Ch’oe was an accomplished poet.eckon that Ch’oe was an accomplished poet.)
E576 + (Ch’oe Kyŏngch’ang (sobriquet Kojuk [Solita … Ch’oe Kyŏngch’ang (sobriquet Kojuk [Solitary Bamboo]) was looking for a temple and in the mountain, and he suddenly got lost. He then chanted the following quatrain, 危石才教一徑通白雲猶自秘仙蹤橋南橋北無人問落木寒流萬壑同 Precipitous rocks just guide me to one open path.Even the white clouds have hidden the traces of immortals. South of the bridge, north of the bridge, there is no one to ask.Shedding trees and cold streams are all the same in ten thousand valleys. His unsettled distress after having lost the way is expressed in words, making those who recite it also feel upset.aking those who recite it also feel upset.)
E656 + (Ch’oe Kyŏngch’ang’s poems are bold and vig … Ch’oe Kyŏngch’ang’s poems are bold and vigorous (han’gyŏng) and Paek Kwanghun’s dry and simple (kodam). Both did not deviate from the path of Tang poetry, and their works are indeed exceptional poems in a thousand years. Yi Tal was greater than them. Yet, together Ch’oe and Paek each became great masters (taega) in their own right. great masters (taega) in their own right.)
E419 + (Ch’oe Rip’s poem “On the Shrine for Boyi a … Ch’oe Rip’s poem “On the Shrine for Boyi and Shuqi” 夷齊廟 reads, 只為三綱當日重非期五等後時榮靑雲作傳馳文字一味論名見即輕 Only the Three Bondsdid they uphold on that day.They didn’t wish for the five noble ranks, nor for the glory in the future.High officials in carriages spreading the words!To a taste of famepay no heed! This was what his predecessors had not said. The poem is in the seven-character recent style, and the above are the two last verses.le, and the above are the two last verses.)
E065 + (Ch’oe Su 崔脩 (15th century), an Assistant M … Ch’oe Su 崔脩 (15th century), an Assistant Master (sasŏng) at the National Academy, had a reputation for poetry. He once shared with someone, “On my way here, I saw a rat digging a hole and immediately thought of this line, 陌鼠縱橫穴 Field mice make holes here and there. But could not come up with the next line. Then I saw birds building a nest and completed the couplet with the following line, 山禽委曲巢 Mountain birds carefully build their nests.” These lines were obtained spontaneously (chayŏn) and not through laborious effort. His poem “En route to Hwangnyŏ” 黃驪道中 reads, 甓寺鍾聲半夜鳴廣陵歸客夢初驚若敎張繼來過此未必寒山獨擅名 When the bell at the Brick Monastery tolls in the middle of the night, the traveler returning to Kwangnŭng is startled from his dream.If only Zhang Ji could havecome by here,Cold Mountain would not have claimed all poetic fame. He also wrote “Zither Master Kim Charyŏ” 琴師金自麗, 我昔驪江江上吟携衾半夜獨鳴琴初疑石竇冷泉咽却訝松窓爽籟侵白雪陽春遺響在高山流水古情深喜聞今日相思調彈盡年來不見心 I once visited the Yŏ River, and there I composed poems, and huddling under a blanket at midnightlistened to the lone sounding zither. I first thought it was from the rock grotto,the ringing sound of a cold spring.Then was surprised it was through the pine windowthat the clear sound was coming.“White Snow” and “Sunlit Spring,”there was a lingering echo.“Lofty Mountains and Flowing Rivers,”ancient sentiments were deep. I’m delighted to listen todayto you playing the tune of “Missing you.”Please play out the heartthat has longed for all these years. heartthat has longed for all these years.)
E631 + (Ch’oe Susŏng 崔壽峸 (1487–1521; sobriquet Wŏn … Ch’oe Susŏng 崔壽峸 (1487–1521; sobriquet Wŏnjŏng [Gibbon Pavilion]) thought lightly of the world and did not become an official in hopes of avoiding calamity. One day all worthies gathered at Cho Kwangjo’s (sobriquet Chŏngam [Tranquility Hut]) house. When Ch’oe arrived, he was out of breath and could not speak. He hastily asked for water to drink and said, “When I was crossing the Han River, the waves surged and the boat was destroyed. I almost drowned and barely survived.” The host laughed and said, “These are admonishing words for us.” Ch’oe grabbed a brush and painted a landscape on the wall, and Kim Chŏng (styled Wŏnch’ung) added a poem which said, 淸曉巖峯立白雲橫翠微汀洲人不見江樹遠依依 On a clear dawn, rocky peaks are stand tall.White clouds are strewn across green mountains.In the island, no one is seen.The trees by the river are distant and faint. Ch’oe’s poem composed when he ascended Manŭi Monastery said, 古殿殘僧在林梢暮磬淸窓通千里盡牆壓衆山平木老知何歲禽呼自別聲艱難憂世網今日恨吾生 The old temple is in ruins. The monks are still here. The sun sets over the forest. The chime rings clear.Windows open up to the distance of a thousand li.Walls press down and level the hills.How old are these trees? Birds call, each with different sound. Hardships, caught in the worries of the worldly web,today I loathe my life. The final two lines contain his message (ŭi). Could it be that he realized that he would suffer from a calamity? How pitiful!would suffer from a calamity? How pitiful!)
M089 + (Clouds have cleared away in the sky. Now t … Clouds have cleared away in the sky. Now the moon shines on.The crane resting in its pine nest cannot contain this pure sight.In the mountain full of gibbons and birds, few understand your sound. Fanning the fluttering feathers, you alone cry in midnight.ering feathers, you alone cry in midnight.)
M075 + (Coming south to Sugok, I think of my mother. Arriving north in Songgyŏng, I remember my king. Seven posts and two rivers on a small donkey, I grumble about my luggage as light as clouds.)
E734 + (Considered a special child, Sin Hon 申混 (16 … Considered a special child, Sin Hon 申混 (1624–1656; styled Wŏnt’aek) gained fame in early days and later became Education Officer (kyosu) in Anju, P’yŏngan province. When he was about to leave for P’yŏngan province to take office, his mother advised him to abstain from sex. Sin’s wife, too, warned him. Sin then playfully composed the following quatrain, 謂我西行錦繡叢慈親戒色婦言同母憂疾病誠為是妻妒風流未必公 When I said I am going to the west, to the brocade grove,my loving mother says “Abstain from sex,” and my wife says the same. Mother worries about disease, so that indeed is right.Wife is jealous of my merry-making, so that might not be fair. The poem has been widely recited (chŏnsong) and appreciated. But the four words in the fourth line “Wife is jealous of romance” are not a euphemistic (miwan) expression. If changed to “How do I know if wife’s intention is completely fair?” 妻意安知盡出公, then it looks more savory (yumi). I wait for comments from the discerning.. I wait for comments from the discerning.)
E668 + (Contemporaneous with my sister Nansŏrhŏn w … Contemporaneous with my sister Nansŏrhŏn was a woman named Yi Okpong, a concubine of Cho Wŏn. Her poems were also clear and robust (ch’ŏngjang) and did not bear a womanly manner. A poem she composed en route to Yŏngwŏl, Kangwŏn province, reads, 五日長干三日越哀歌唱斷魯陵雲妾身亦是王孫女此地鵑聲不忍聞 Five days in Changgan, three days in Yue.With a broken heart, I sing sad tunes to the clouds of Nosan Mausoleum.I too am a daughter of the royal clan.The sound of cuckoo in this placeI cannot bear to listen.The emotion implied is heart-rending (ch’ŏwŏn). It has the same bitter tone with a phrase by Yi, 東風蜀魄苦西日魯陵寒 The easterly wind makes bitter the Shu emperor’s soul. The westerly sun turns chilly the Lu Mausoleum.esterly sun turns chilly the Lu Mausoleum.)
E328 + (County Magistrate Yi Hŭian 李希顏 (1504–1559) … County Magistrate Yi Hŭian 李希顏 (1504–1559) and Cho Sik (sobriquet Nammyŏng [Southern Obscurity]) were both recluses who were called to service. Cho did not respond to repeated summons, while Yi altogether served three terms. Cho presented Yi with a poem, which mostly included words of ridicule. 山海亭中夢幾回黃江老漢雪盈腮半生三度朝天去不見君王面目來 At the Mountain Sea Pavilion,how many times did you dream?The Old Man of Yellow River used to have cheeks full of snow.Half of your life, three timesyou traveled to the court,but did not get to behold the king’sface and return. Sanhae (Mountain Sea) was Cho’s sobriquet as well as the name of his pavilion. Yellow River likely refers to Yi.avilion. Yellow River likely refers to Yi.)
E486 + (Deputy Director (kamsa) Sin Ŭngsi had a po … Deputy Director (kamsa) Sin Ŭngsi had a poetic fame. Once in his poem “Kosŏng” 高城, he wrote, 北望山皆骨東臨海不潮 Gazing north, the mountains are All Bones.Facing east, the seas do not surge. His poem “Ch’ŏngch’ŏn” 菁川 reads, 溪橋多臥石山店半依楓 Bridging the stream are many lounging rocks.A mountain inn leans on a maple on one side.A poem he wrote after becoming a soldier reads, 時平軍國無虞事騎省郎官夜讀書 In peacetime, both army and kingdomare without troubles. Military Section Chief reads his books at night. Again, when King Sŏnjo was in mourning, he wrote the poem “Cuckoo” 杜鵑 on royal command, 吾王方在疚莫近上林栖 My king is now in mourning.Please don’t perch near the royal grove. In his eulogy poem for Crown Prince Sunhoe, he wrote, 金華已作傷心地玉漏猶傳問寢晨 The Hall of Golden Flower became a place of grieving.The jade water clock still tells the time for morning greeting.These poems were considered excellent (ka) at the time.ere considered excellent (ka) at the time.)
M054 + (Drifting clouds and running streams, a traveler arrives at a temple. Red leaves and green mosses, the monk shuts the gate.)
E592 + (During Koryŏ’s flourishing years, Censor ( … During Koryŏ’s flourishing years, Censor (taegan) Chŏng Chisang’s poems were most excellent (ch’oega). Very few of his works have survived, but every single piece is a poetic masterpiece (chŏlch’ang). For example, 風送客帆雲片片露凝宮瓦玉粼粼 Gusty winds send the itinerant boat like a fleeting cloud. Frosts form on palace roof tiles like shimmering scales of jade.is a bit frivolous (cho), but when we get to 綠楊閉戶八九屋明月捲簾三兩人 Among the green willows, with closed gates are eight or nine houses. Under the bright moon, behind the rolled-up curtains are two or three people.it equals divine transcendence (sin’il). His 石頭松老一片月天末雲低千點山 At the edge of a rock a pine ages under a crescent moon. At the sky’s end clouds descend on a thousand crags below.although he labored at it, it is also naturally delicate (chach’och’o). is also naturally delicate (chach’och’o).)
E483 + (During the Longqing reign (1568–1572), som … During the Longqing reign (1568–1572), someone wrote a poem at Chech’ŏn Pavilion. 曾見前朝種李辰花開一十二回春夢回華表千年鶴淚灑靑山一掬塵楓岸曉鐘神勒寺烟沙晩笛廣陵津淸秋扣枻驪江去樓上何人識洞賓 In the bygone era, I saw pear trees being planted,whose flowers bloomedfor twelve springs.Returning to the painted beams in dream,a thousand-year-old cranesprays its tears over the green mountain’shandful of dust. At the maple steps, the bells of dawn tollfrom Sillŭk Temple.At the misty shore, a tune of evening flute rings from Kwangnŭng Ferry.On this clear autumn day, I push the oar to the Yŏ River.From the tower, who would recognize Dongbin.Those who like to create a stir suspected that he was a work of a Daoist immortal. Later, when the Japanese invaders of the Imjin War opened the two royal tombs, the Sŏn Mausoleum and the Chŏng Mausoleum, people believed “a tune of evening flute rings from Kwannŭng Ferry” was an omen.te rings from Kwannŭng Ferry” was an omen.)
E035 + (During the Song dynasty, on the occasion o … During the Song dynasty, on the occasion of the Lantern Festival, an imperial poetry composition was announced. The Grand Chancellor (zaixiang), Hanlin academicians (liangzhi), Secretariats (zhizhigao), and scholars of the Three Halls (sanguan) were all commanded to write poems, making it a grand event. One of the most representative works was composed by Wang Gui 王珪 (1019–1085; sobriquet Qigong [Qi Mountain Man]), who wrote, <blockquote class="font-weight-light my-2" style="padding-left: 2em; padding-right: 2em; line-height:110%">Twin phoenixes descend among the clouds, guiding a carriage. Six tortoises emerge from the sea, carrying mountains on their backs.</blockquote>On the night of our country’s Lantern Festival, Yi Kyubo wrote a poem titled “For a Calligraphy Screen” 文機障子, which says, <blockquote class="font-weight-light my-2" style="padding-left: 2em; padding-right: 2em; line-height:110%">Three shouts of “To ten thousand years!” A sacred mountain burst forth.A thousand-year-old divine peach appears.</blockquote>His poem rivals Wang’s.Recently, Grand Prince Yech’ŏn, Kwŏn Hangong 權漢功 (d. 1349; sobriquet Ilchae [Unity Studio]), wrote, <blockquote class="font-weight-light my-2" style="padding-left: 2em; padding-right: 2em; line-height:110%">An auspicious wine brewed in South Mountain contained in a silver urn.The Big Dipper ladles it out into a jade chalice.Hundreds of sticks pound on double drums. Spring is boundless.Phoenix lanterns hang from thousands of trees, creating a lingering moon.</blockquote>And Chancellor (p’yŏngni) Paek Wŏnhang 白元恒 (14th century) composed, <blockquote class="font-weight-light my-2" style="padding-left: 2em; padding-right: 2em; line-height:110%">Moonlight fills the ninth heaven, pipes and flutes resound on the earth. In a single night, spring blooms, turning mountains into embroidered brocades.</blockquote>However, Paek himself admitted that he could never reach the poetic world of Kwŏn.; However, Paek himself admitted that he could never reach the poetic world of Kwŏn.)
E289 + (During the reign of King Chungjong, there … During the reign of King Chungjong, there was a military officer named Yi Sajŭng 李思曾 (16th century) who was obsessed with poetry. Along the road in Hamgyŏng province, there is a poetry plaque which features works by “Sangjŏng [Oak Pavilion].” Sangjŏng refers to Yi, and they were his poems. Some of the poems were lovely (kaae). In recent times, in Hamyang county, Kyŏngsang province, there is a military officer named Chŏng Sŏp 鄭涉 (16th century) who goes by the sobriquet “Chukkye [Bamboo Creek]”. His poem reads, 竹溪窮老謝簪纓臥看茲樓病骨輕水鳥一聲山雨歇漏雲殘照半邊明 This poor and old man of Bamboo Creek declined the official garb.From this abode, I gaze in repose, and my ailing body feels lighter.A cry of a water bird rings outwhen the mountain rain ceases.Evening glows seep through the clouds, illuminating half of the sun’s disc. Even among professional poets, who could write better poetry than this?, who could write better poetry than this?)
E832 + (During the reign of King Kwanghaegun, ther … During the reign of King Kwanghaegun, there were only a few people who were considered to be good at poetry, namely, Yu Mongin, Hŏ Kyun, and Pak Chŏnggil 朴鼎吉 (1583–1623). Yu’s writing was certainly unique (ki), but his poetry was not as good as his prose. Hŏ’s talent was surely unmatched, but the style of his poetry (sigyŏk) was not very high, lower than that of his brother and sister. His one hundred “Palace Poems” 宮詞 can be deemed unique and ingenious (kimyo), but the rhymes do not fully match with the main poetic text. Pak’s quatrain “Mourning Kim Ŭngha” 哀金應河 is a masterpiece, but he had not written anything praiseworthy besides that poem. Although not a writer, a few lines by Pak Yŏp 朴燁 (1570–1623), such as, 歌低琴苦別離難 Disheartening song. Painful tune of zither. To part is too difficult. came close to a poetic masterpiece (chŏlcho). Some say he had the help of a poetry demon. Yet, concerning the mastery of all styles (ch’e), ingenious ideas (myohae) and wide dissemination, none could surpass Hŏ.wide dissemination, none could surpass Hŏ.)
E350 + (During the reign of King Myŏngjong, while … During the reign of King Myŏngjong, while observing an archery practice below Kyŏnghoe Tower, the king ordered the officials to write poems. Academician (haksa) Ha Ŭngnim was the first to write a poem in response. The poem, which was widely recited (chŏnsong) at the time, read, 暖風晴日禁池東粉革高張綠樹中猿臂乍開星的滿烏號俄拂月輪空主皮豈是輸筋力觀德要須奏奇功西掖詞臣無伎倆沐恩留得醉顏紅 On a clear day with warm breeze, east of the forbidden pond,white leather targets hang high among the green trees.Long arms spread open. The star-like targets are all around. The moment the Crow-Calling Bow is drawn, a full moon disappears. How can the shooting of a leather target be merely from the strength of muscles?To witness virtue, one must achieve outstanding merit.The civil officials at the National Academy have no skills to display.But the shower of royal favor leaves them drunk and red in the face. Ha was known for his poetry. His calligraphy was bold and robust (hogŏn), and his painting was also outstanding. He died at age thirty-three as the Second Assistant Master (saye).ree as the Second Assistant Master (saye).)