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E913
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Hong Manjong on
Appended Corrections (Compendium of Remarks on Poetry)
Entry Text
南壺谷龍翼所選箕雅。載余族會祖慕堂。挽栗谷詩。七言律。而其頷聯曰。洛下政逢司馬日。蜀中新喪孔明時。改孔明二字。為。臥龍。豈壺谷誤聞而然耶。司馬臥龍為巧對。故抑以其私見改之耶。不聞於其子孫。而改下則謬矣。慕堂亦豈不知司馬臥龍之為巧對。而乃曰。孔明者。非但取其響韻。臥龍則隱時之稱。旣為漢相以後。不當用此號也。余堂叔泛翁。亦常曰。儷語云。孔明不死。雖復漢而何難。召虎再生。此興周之有望。龍虎之對。不為不巧。而儷中以為不對。王父不曰臥龍。而曰孔明。亦用此也。此豈非明證。乎。且金柏谷得臣。龍山一絕。起句曰。古木寒雲裡。秋山白雨邊。壺谷選入此詩於箕雅。而以寒為黃者。亦何耶。豈以黃與白色對而然耶。余與柏谷最相善。故慣聞此詩。其所著詩話及本集中。載此詩。而亦曰寒雲。然則箕雅之誤錄。可知也
Nam Yongik’s Ki a (Elegant Poems from the Land of Kija) records a seven-character regulated elegiac verse to Yi I by my grandfather’s uncle Hong Isang 洪履祥 (1549–1615; sobriquet Modang [Hall of Admiration]). Its third and fourth lines write, 洛下正逢司馬日蜀中新喪孔明時 In Luoyang, it was a day of encountering Sima.In Shu, it was a time of losing Kongming once more. In his record, Nam changed the two characters “孔明” (Kongming [great brightness]) to “臥龍” (Wolong [crouching dragon]). Could it be that he misheard the poem? Or did he make the change because in his own opinion “Sima (mastering the horse)” and “Wolong (crouching dragon)” are a clever (kyo) parallelism (tae)? Nam is at fault for changing the poem without consulting Hong Isang’s descendants. How could Hong not have known that “Sima” and “Wolong” are clever parallelism? Yet he chose “Kongming” not just for its sound and rhyme (hyangun). “Wolong” was the name Zhuge Liang used when he was still in seclusion. Since he later became the Prime Minister of Han, it is no longer proper to refer to him by that name. My father’s cousin Hong Chuguk 洪柱國 (1623–1680; sobriquet Pŏmong [Old Drifter]) also often said, “Parallel expressions such as, 孔明不死雖復漢而何難召虎再生此興周之有望 Had Kongming not died, how would it have been difficult to restore Han?Since Shaohu came back to life,there was hope in making Zhou flourish.Although a parallelism of ‘dragon’ and ‘tiger’ is not unclever, it is considered an improper parallelism. For this reason, in the poem my father referred to Zhuge as ‘Kongming,’ not ‘Wolong’.” Is this not a clear explanation? Moreover, the opening lines of Kim Tŭksin’s quatrain “Dragon Mountain” 龍山 write, 古木寒雲裏秋山白雨邊 Ancient grove is cloaked in cold clouds.Near the autumn mountain, pearly raindrops fall. In his Ki a, why did Nam record “cold” 寒 as “yellow” 黃? Is it because colors “yellow” and “white” form a parallelism? Kim Tŭksin and I are best of friends, so I am familiar with that poem. In his own poetic remarks and anthology, it was also written as “cold clouds.” The mistakes in the Ki a are therefore evident.
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